The Ratio of Concentration of Organic Carbon and Elemental Carbon Bound to Particulate Matter in Ambient Air: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Publisher Pubmed



Y Fakhri YADOLLAH ; M Sarafraz MANSOUR ; A Javid ALLAHBAKHSH ; M Moradi MAHBOOBEH ; F Mehri FRESHTEH ; R Nasiri RASUL ; S Saadatmandsepideh SEPIDEH
Source: International Journal of Environmental Health Research Published:2025

Abstract

Four hundred and sixty-six references with 625 data reports were included in our study. The high frequency of ratio OC/EC for PM0.1 was observed in 3.92–5.93; PM1 in 1.08–3.08; PM2.5, 2.08–4.08; PM10 in 2.70–4.70 and TSP in 2.66–4.66. The rank order of areas based on the pooled concentration of OC bound to PM2.5 was traffic (17.893 µg/m3) > industrial (10.58 µg/m3) > urban (7.696 µg/m3) > rural (4.08 µg/m3). The rank order of areas based on the pooled (mean) concentration of EC in PM2.5 was traffic (17.893 µg/m3) > industrial (2.65 µg/m3) > Urban (1.48 µg/m3) > rural (1.06 µg/m3). The pooled concentrations of OC and EC bound to PM2.5 in traffic areas were higher than in other areas. Therefore, it is recommended that monitoring and effectively reducing concentration plans are carried out, especially in traffic areas. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.