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Worldwide Trends in Hypertension Prevalence and Progress in Treatment and Control From 1990 to 2019: A Pooled Analysis of 1201 Population-Representative Studies With 104 Million Participants Publisher Pubmed



Zhou B1 ; Carrillolarco RM1 ; Danaei G2 ; Riley LM3 ; Paciorek CJ4 ; Stevens GA1, 5 ; Gregg EW1 ; Bennett JE1 ; Solomon B1 ; Singleton RK1 ; Sophiea MK1 ; Iurilli MLC1 ; Lhoste VPF1 ; Cowan MJ3 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Zhou B1
  2. Carrillolarco RM1
  3. Danaei G2
  4. Riley LM3
  5. Paciorek CJ4
  6. Stevens GA1, 5
  7. Gregg EW1
  8. Bennett JE1
  9. Solomon B1
  10. Singleton RK1
  11. Sophiea MK1
  12. Iurilli MLC1
  13. Lhoste VPF1
  14. Cowan MJ3
  15. Savin S3
  16. Woodward M1, 6
  17. Balanova Y7
  18. Cifkova R8, 9
  19. Damasceno A10
  20. Elliott P1
  21. Farzadfar F11
  22. He J12
  23. Ikeda N13
  24. Kengne AP14
  25. Khang YH15
  26. Kim HC16
  27. Laxmaiah A17
  28. Lin HH18
  29. Maira PM19
  30. Miranda JJ20
  31. Neuhauser H21
  32. Sundstrom J22
  33. Varghese C3
  34. Widyahening IS23
  35. Zdrojewski T24
  36. Ezzati M1, 25
  37. Abarcagomez L26
  38. Abdeen ZA27
  39. Abdul Rahim HF28
  40. Aburmeileh NM29
  41. Acostacazares B30
  42. Adams RJ31
  43. Aekplakorn W32
  44. Afsana K33
  45. Afzal S34, 35
  46. Agdeppa IA36
  47. Aghazadehattari J37
  48. Aguilarsalinas CA38
  49. Agyemang C39
  50. Ahmad NA40
  51. Ahmadi A41
  52. Ahmadi N11
  53. Ahmadi N11
  54. Ahmadizar F43
  55. Ahmed SH44
  56. Ahrens W45
  57. Ajlouni K46
  58. Alraddadi R47
  59. Alarouj M48
  60. Albuhairan F49
  61. Aldhukair S50
  62. Ali MM3
  63. Alkandari A48
  64. Alkerwi A51
  65. Allin K52
  66. Aly E53
  67. Amarapurkar DN54
  68. Amougou N55
  69. Amouyel P56, 57
  70. Andersen LB58
  71. Anderssen SA59
  72. Anjana RM60
  73. Ansarimoghaddam A61
  74. Ansong D62
  75. Aounallahskhiri H63
  76. Araujo J64
  77. Ariansen I65
  78. Aris T40
  79. Arku RE66
  80. Arlappa N17
  81. Aryal KK67
  82. Aspelund T68
  83. Assah FK69
  84. Assuncao MCF70
  85. Auvinen J71, 72
  86. Avdicova M73
  87. Azevedo A74
  88. Aziminezhad M75
  89. Azizi F76
  90. Azmin M11
  91. Babu BV77
  92. Bahijri S47
  93. Balakrishna N17
  94. Bamoshmoosh M78
  95. Banach M79
  96. Banadinovic M80
  97. Bandosz P24
  98. Banegas JR81
  99. Baran J82
  100. Barbagallo CM83
  101. Barcelo A84
  102. Barkat A85
  103. Barreto M86, 87
  104. Barros AJD70
  105. Barros MVG88
  106. Bartosiewicz A82
  107. Basit A89
  108. Bastos JLD90
  109. Bata I91
  110. Batieha AM92
  111. Batyrbek A93
  112. Baur LA94
  113. Beaglehole R95
  114. Belavendra A96
  115. Romdhane HB97
  116. Benet M98
  117. Benson LS99
  118. Berkinbayev S100
  119. Bernabeortiz A20
  120. Bernotiene G101
  121. Bettiol H102
  122. Bezerra J88
  123. Bhagyalaxmi A103
  124. Bhargava SK104
  125. Bia D105
  126. Biasch K106
  127. Lele ECB107
  128. Bikbov MM108
  129. Bista B109
  130. Bjerregaard P110
  131. Bjertness E44
  132. Bjertness MB44
  133. Bjorkelund C111
  134. Bloch KV112
  135. Blokstra A113
  136. Bo S114
  137. Bobak M115
  138. Boeing H116
  139. Boggia JG105
  140. Boissonnet CP117
  141. Bojesen SE34, 35
  142. Bongard V118
  143. Bonillavargas A26
  144. Braeckman L142
  145. Bruno G114
  146. Buenodemesquita HB113
  147. Burns C146
  148. Cardoso VC102
  149. Cervantesloaiza M26
  150. Chadjigeorgiou CA119
  151. Chamukuttan S120
  152. Chan AW121
  153. Chan Q1
  154. Chaturvedi HK122
  155. Chaturvedi N115
  156. Chee ML123
  157. Chen CJ124
  158. Chen F125
  159. Chen H126
  160. Chen S127
  161. Chen Z128
  162. Cheng CY121, 123
  163. Cheraghian B129
  164. Dekkaki IC130
  165. Chetrit A131
  166. Chien KL18
  167. Chiolero A132
  168. Chiou ST133
  169. Chiritaemandi A134
  170. Chirlaque MD135
  171. Cho B136
  172. Christensen K110
  173. Christofaro DG137
  174. Chudek J138
  175. Cinteza E139
  176. Claessens F140
  177. Clarke J141
  178. Clays E142
  179. Cohen E143
  180. Concin H144
  181. Cooper C145
  182. Coppinger TC146
  183. Costanzo S147
  184. Cottel D148
  185. Cowell C94
  186. Craig CL149
  187. Crampin AC150
  188. Crujeiras AB151
  189. Cruz JJ81
  190. Csilla S152
  191. Cui L127
  192. Cureau FV153
  193. Cuschieri S154
  194. Darrigo G155
  195. Dorsi E90
  196. Dallongeville J148
  197. Dankner R131
  198. Dantoft TM52
  199. Dauchet L56, 57
  200. Davletov K93
  201. De Backer G142
  202. De Bacquer D142
  203. De Curtis A147
  204. De Gaetano G147
  205. De Henauw S142
  206. De Oliveira PD70
  207. De Ridder D156
  208. De Smedt D142
  209. Deepa M60
  210. Deev AD7
  211. Delisle H158
  212. Demarest S159
  213. Dennison E145
  214. Deschamps V160
  215. Dhimal M109
  216. Di Castelnuovo AF161
  217. Diasdacosta JS162
  218. Diaz A163
  219. Dickerson TT99
  220. Dika Z164
  221. Djalalinia S165
  222. Do HTP166
  223. Dobson AJ167
  224. Donfrancesco C168
  225. Donoso SP169
  226. Doring A170
  227. Dorobantu M139
  228. Dorr M171
  229. Doua K172
  230. Dragano N173
  231. Drygas W79, 174
  232. Duante CA36
  233. Duboz P175
  234. Duda RB176, 177
  235. Dulskiene V101
  236. Dushpanova A93, 178
  237. Dzakula A80
  238. Dzerve V179
  239. Dziankowskazaborszczyk E79
  240. Eddie R180
  241. Eftekhar E181
  242. Eggertsen R112
  243. Eghtesad S182
  244. Eiben G183
  245. Ekelund U59
  246. Elkhateeb M46
  247. El Ati J184
  248. Eldemireshearer D185
  249. Eliasen M52
  250. Elosua R186, 187
  251. Erasmus RT188
  252. Erbel R189, 300
  253. Erem C190
  254. Eriksen L110
  255. Eriksson JG191
  256. Escobedode La Pena J30
  257. Eslami S192
  258. Esmaeili A193
  259. Evans A194
  260. Faeh D119
  261. Fakhretdinova AA108
  262. Fall CH145
  263. Faramarzi E195
  264. Farjam M196
  265. Fattahi MR197
  266. Fawwad A198
  267. Felixredondo FJ199
  268. Felix SB171
  269. Ferguson TS185
  270. Fernandes RA137
  271. Fernandezberges D200
  272. Ferrante D201
  273. Ferrao T141
  274. Ferrari M202
  275. Ferrario MM203
  276. Ferreccio C19
  277. Ferreira HS204
  278. Ferrer E36
  279. Ferrieres J118
  280. Figueiro TH90
  281. Fink G205, 206
  282. Fischer K207
  283. Foo LH208
  284. Forsner M209
  285. Fouad HM53
  286. Francis DK185
  287. Do Carmo Franco M210
  288. Frikkeschmidt R34, 35
  289. Frontera G211
  290. Fuchs FD212
  291. Fuchs SC153
  292. Fujita Y213
  293. Fumihiko M214
  294. Furdela V215
  295. Furer A216, 217
  296. Furusawa T214
  297. Gaciong Z218
  298. Galbarczyk A219
  299. Galenkamp H39
  300. Galvano F220
  301. Gao J127
  302. Gao P221
  303. Garciadelahera M222
  304. Garcia P223
  305. Gareta D224
  306. Garnett SP94
  307. Gaspoz JM225
  308. Gasull M222
  309. Gazzinelli A226
  310. Gehring U227
  311. Geleijnse JM228
  312. George R229
  313. Ghanbari A11
  314. Ghasemi E11
  315. Gheorghefronea OF139
  316. Ghimire A230
  317. Gialluisi A147
  318. Giampaoli S168
  319. Gieger C170
  320. Gill TK231
  321. Giovannelli J56, 57
  322. Gironella G36
  323. Giwercman A232
  324. Gkiouras K233
  325. Goldberg M234, 235
  326. Goldsmith RA236
  327. Gomez LF237
  328. Gomula A238
  329. Goncalves Cordeiro Da Silva B70
  330. Goncalves H70
  331. Goncalves M239
  332. Gonzalezchica DA231
  333. Gonzalezgross M240
  334. Gonzalezrivas JP241
  335. Gonzalezvillalpando C242
  336. Gonzalezvillalpando ME243
  337. Gonzalez AR244
  338. Gorbea MB245
  339. Gottrand F56
  340. Graffiversen S65
  341. Grafnetter D246
  342. Grajda A247
  343. Grammatikopoulou MG248
  344. Gregor RD91
  345. Grodzicki T219
  346. Grosso G220
  347. Gruden G114
  348. Gu D249
  349. Guan OP123
  350. Gudmundsson EF250
  351. Gudnason V68
  352. Guerrero R251
  353. Guessous I156
  354. Guimaraes AL252
  355. Gulliford MC253
  356. Gunnlaugsdottir J250
  357. Gunter MJ254
  358. Gupta PC255
  359. Gupta R256
  360. Gureje O257
  361. Gurzkowska B247
  362. Gutierrez L258
  363. Gutzwiller F119
  364. Ha S259
  365. Hadaegh F260
  366. Haghshenas R11
  367. Hakimi H193
  368. Halkjaer J261
  369. Hambleton IR262
  370. Hamzeh B263
  371. Hange D112
  372. Hanif AAM264
  373. Hantunen S265
  374. Hao J266
  375. Hardman CM267
  376. Hari Kumar R17
  377. Hashemishahri SM61
  378. Hata J268
  379. Haugsgjerd T269
  380. Hayes AJ94
  381. He Y270
  382. Heier M170
  383. Hendriks ME271
  384. Henrique RDS267
  385. Henriques A64
  386. Hernandez Cadena L242
  387. Herrala S72
  388. Heshmat R272
  389. Hill AG145
  390. Ho SY273
  391. Ho SC274
  392. Hobbs M275
  393. Holdsworth M276
  394. Homayounfar R196
  395. Horasan Dinc G277
  396. Horimoto ARVR102
  397. Hormiga CM278
  398. Horta BL70
  399. Houti L279
  400. Howitt C262
  401. Htay TT280
  402. Htet AS281
  403. Htike MMT281
  404. Hu Y221
  405. Huerta JM222
  406. Huhtaniemi IT1
  407. Huiart L282
  408. Huisman M283
  409. Husseini AS29
  410. Huybrechts I254
  411. Hwalla N284
  412. Iacoviello L147, 203
  413. Iannone AG285
  414. Ibrahim MM286
  415. Ibrahim Wong N40
  416. Ikram MA43
  417. Iotova V287
  418. Irazola VE258
  419. Ishida T288
  420. Isiguzo GC289
  421. Islam M290
  422. Islam SMS291
  423. Iwasaki M292
  424. Jackson RT95
  425. Jacobs JM293
  426. Jaddou HY92
  427. Jafar T121
  428. James K185
  429. Jamrozik K231
  430. Janszky I294
  431. Janus E295
  432. Jarvelin MR1, 71
  433. Jasienska G219
  434. Jelakovic A296
  435. Jelakovic B80
  436. Jennings G297
  437. Jha AK109
  438. Jiang CQ298
  439. Jimenez RO299
  440. Jockel KH189, 300
  441. Joffres M301
  442. Johansson M254
  443. Jokelainen JJ72
  444. Jonas JB302
  445. Jorgensen T52
  446. Joshi P303
  447. Joukar F304
  448. Jozwiak J305
  449. Juolevi A306
  450. Jurak G307
  451. Juresa V164
  452. Kaaks R308
  453. Kafatos A309
  454. Kajantie EO306
  455. Kalmatayeva Z310
  456. Kalpourtzi N311
  457. Kalterleibovici O131
  458. Kampmann FB52
  459. Kannan S312
  460. Karaglani E313
  461. Karhus LL52
  462. Karki KB314
  463. Katibeh M315
  464. Katz J316
  465. Kauhanen J265
  466. Kaur P317
  467. Kavousi M43
  468. Kazakbaeva GM108
  469. Keil U318
  470. Korpelainen R71, 319, 333
  471. Keinanenkiukaanniemi S72
  472. Kelishadi R320
  473. Kemper HCG321
  474. Keramati M192
  475. Kerimkulova A322
  476. Kersting M323
  477. Key T128
  478. Khader YS92
  479. Khalili D324
  480. Khaw KT325
  481. Kheiri B324
  482. Kheradmand M326
  483. Khosravi A327
  484. Kiechlkohlendorfer U328
  485. Kiechl S328, 329
  486. Killewo J330
  487. Kim DW259
  488. Kim J331
  489. Klakk H332
  490. Klimek M219
  491. Klumbiene J101
  492. Knoflach M328
  493. Kolle E59
  494. Kolsteren P142
  495. Kontto JP306
  496. Korrovits P334
  497. Kos J296
  498. Koskinen S306
  499. Kouda K335
  500. Kowlessur S336
  501. Koziel S238
  502. Kratenova J337
  503. Kriaucioniene V101
  504. Kristensen PL110
  505. Krokstad S294
  506. Kromhout D338
  507. Kruger HS339
  508. Kubinova R337
  509. Kuciene R101
  510. Kujala UM340
  511. Kulaga Z247
  512. Krishna Kumar R341
  513. Kurjata P342
  514. Kusuma YS343
  515. Kutsenko V7
  516. Kuulasmaa K306
  517. Kyobutungi C344
  518. Laatikainen T306
  519. Lachat C142
  520. Laid Y345
  521. Lam TH273
  522. Landrove O346
  523. Lanska V246
  524. Lappas G347
  525. Larijani B348
  526. Latt TS349
  527. Le Coroller G51
  528. Le Nguyen Bao K166
  529. Le TD166
  530. Lee J350
  531. Lee J350
  532. Lehmann N189, 300
  533. Lehtimaki T351, 352
  534. Lemogoum D353
  535. Levitt NS354
  536. Li Y2
  537. Lilly CL355
  538. Lim WY350
  539. Limacosta MF356
  540. Lin X357
  541. Lin YT22
  542. Lind L22
  543. Lingam V229
  544. Linneberg A52
  545. Lissner L112
  546. Litwin M247
  547. Lo WC358
  548. Loit HM359
  549. Lopezgarcia E81
  550. Lopez T360
  551. Lotufo PA102
  552. Lozano JE361
  553. Lovrencic IL80
  554. Lukrafka JL362
  555. Luksiene D101
  556. Lundqvist A306
  557. Lundqvist R363
  558. Lunet N64
  559. Lustigova M8
  560. Luszczki E82, 337
  561. Ma G221
  562. Ma J221
  563. Machadocoelho GLL364
  564. Machadorodrigues AM365
  565. Macia E175
  566. Macieira LM366
  567. Madar AA44
  568. Maggi S367
  569. Magliano DJ368
  570. Magriplis E369
  571. Mahasampath G96
  572. Maire B276
  573. Majer M164
  574. Makdisse M370
  575. Malekzadeh F182
  576. Malekzadeh R182, 197
  577. Malhotra R121
  578. Rao KM17
  579. Malyutina SK371
  580. Maniego LV36
  581. Manios Y313
  582. Mann JI372
  583. Mansourghanaei F304
  584. Manzato E373
  585. Marcil A141
  586. Margozzini P19
  587. Marild SB374
  588. Marinovic Glavic M375
  589. Marquesvidal P376, 377
  590. Marques LP378
  591. Marrugat J186, 187
  592. Martorell R379
  593. Mascarenhas LP380
  594. Matasin M296
  595. Mathiesen EB381
  596. Mathur P382
  597. Matijasevich A102
  598. Matlosz P82
  599. Matsha TE383
  600. Mavrogianni C313
  601. Mbanya JCN69
  602. Mc Donald Posso AJ384
  603. Mcfarlane SR185
  604. Mcgarvey ST385
  605. Mclachlan S386
  606. Mclean RM372
  607. Mclean SB141
  608. Mcnulty BA387
  609. Mediene Benchekor S279
  610. Medzioniene J101
  611. Mehdipour P11
  612. Mehlig K112
  613. Mehrparvar AH42
  614. Meirhaeghe A234
  615. Meisinger C170
  616. Montano CM388
  617. Menezes AMB70
  618. Menon GR122
  619. Mereke A93
  620. Meshram II17
  621. Metspalu A207
  622. Meyer HE44
  623. Mi J125
  624. Michels N142
  625. Mikkel K207
  626. Milkowska K219
  627. Miller JC372
  628. Minderico CS389
  629. Mini GK390
  630. Mirjalili MR42
  631. Mirrakhimov E322
  632. Misigojdurakovic M164
  633. Modesti PA391
  634. Moghaddam SS11
  635. Mohajer B11
  636. Mohamed MK392
  637. Mohamed SF344
  638. Mohammad K182
  639. Mohammadi MR393
  640. Mohammadi Z182
  641. Mohammadifard N394
  642. Mohammadpourhodki R192
  643. Mohan V60
  644. Mohanna S20
  645. Mohd Yusoff MF40
  646. Mohebbi I37
  647. Mohebi F4
  648. Moitry M106, 395
  649. Mollehave LT52
  650. Molnar D396
  651. Momenan A324
  652. Mondo CK397
  653. Monterrubioflores E242
  654. Monyeki KDK398
  655. Moon JS136
  656. Moosazadeh M326
  657. Moreira LB153
  658. Morejon A399
  659. Moreno LA151, 400
  660. Morgan K401
  661. Moschonis G402
  662. Mossakowska M403
  663. Mostafa A392
  664. Mostafavi SA182
  665. Mota J64
  666. Motlagh ME129
  667. Motta J384
  668. Mouradossantos MA88
  669. Mridha MK264
  670. Msyamboza KP404
  671. Mu TT405
  672. Muhihi AJ330
  673. Muiesan ML406
  674. Mullernurasyid M407
  675. Murphy N254
  676. Mursu J265
  677. Musa KI208
  678. Milanovic SM164
  679. Musil V164, 408
  680. Mustafa N409
  681. Nabipour I410
  682. Naderimagham S11
  683. Nagel G411
  684. Naidu BM412
  685. Najafi F263
  686. Nakamura H413
  687. Namesna J73
  688. Nang EEK350
  689. Nangia VB414
  690. Narake S255
  691. Ndiaye NC234
  692. Neal WA355
  693. Nejatizadeh A181
  694. Nenko I219
  695. Neovius M415
  696. Nguyen CT416
  697. Nguyen ND417
  698. Nguyen QV418
  699. Nguyen QN419
  700. Nietomartinez RE420
  701. Niiranen TJ306, 421
  702. Nikitin YP371
  703. Ninomiya T268
  704. Nishtar S422
  705. Njelekela MA423
  706. Noale M367
  707. Noboa OA105
  708. Noorbala AA182
  709. Norat T1
  710. Nordendahl M209
  711. Nordestgaard BG34, 35
  712. Noto D83
  713. Nowakszczepanska N238
  714. Nsour MA424
  715. Nunes B86, 87
  716. Oneill TW425
  717. Oreilly D194
  718. Ochimana C2
  719. Oda E426
  720. Odili AN427
  721. Oh K428
  722. Ohara K213
  723. Ohtsuka R429
  724. Olinto MTA162
  725. Oliveira IO70
  726. Omar MA40
  727. Onat A430
  728. Ong SK431
  729. Ono LM432
  730. Ordunez P84
  731. Ornelas R433
  732. Ortiz PJ20
  733. Osmond C145
  734. Ostojic SM434
  735. Ostovar A435
  736. Otero JA278
  737. Overvad K315
  738. Owusudabo E62
  739. Paccaud FM436
  740. Padez C365
  741. Pahomova E179
  742. De Paiva KM90
  743. Pajak A219
  744. Palli D437
  745. Palmieri L168
  746. Pan WH124
  747. Pandajonas S438
  748. Panza F439
  749. Paoli M440
  750. Papandreou D441
  751. Park SW442
  752. Park S428
  753. Parnell WR372
  754. Parsaeian M182
  755. Pasquet P55
  756. Patel ND443
  757. Pavlyshyn H444
  758. Pecin I296
  759. Pednekar MS255
  760. Pedro JM445
  761. Peer N14
  762. Peixoto SV356
  763. Peltonen M306
  764. Pereira AC102
  765. Peres KGA446
  766. Peres MA447
  767. Peters A170
  768. Petkeviciene J101
  769. Peykari N165
  770. Pham ST448
  771. Pichardo RN449
  772. Pigeot I45
  773. Pikhart H115
  774. Pilav A450
  775. Pilotto L451
  776. Pitakaka F180
  777. Piwonska A342
  778. Pizarro A64
  779. Polasek O453
  780. Porta M186
  781. Poudyal A109
  782. Pourfarzi F454
  783. Pourshams A182
  784. Poustchi H182
  785. Pradeepa R60
  786. Price AJ455
  787. Price JF386
  788. Providencia R115
  789. Puhakka SE71, 333
  790. Puiu M134
  791. Punab M334
  792. Qasrawi RF27
  793. Qorbani M456
  794. Queiroz D267
  795. Quoc Bao T457
  796. Radic I434
  797. Radisauskas R101
  798. Rahimikazerooni S197
  799. Rahman M458
  800. Raitakari O421
  801. Raj M341
  802. Rakhimova EM108
  803. Rao SR317
  804. Ramachandran A120
  805. Ramos E74
  806. Rampal L459
  807. Rampal S460
  808. Rangel Reina DA384
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  810. Ricardo Rech C90
  811. Redon J462
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  813. Regecova V464
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  821. Rittidias RM468
  822. Robitaille C469
  823. Rodriguezartalejo F81
  824. Rodriguezperez MDC470
  825. Rodriguezvillamizar LA471
  826. Roggenbuck U189, 300
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  830. Rosengren A112, 473
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  837. Russo P155
  838. Rutkowski M24
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  840. Sabbaghi H324
  841. Sachdev HS474
  842. Sadjadi A182
  843. Safarpour AR197
  844. Safi S324
  845. Safiri S195
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  847. Sakarya S475
  848. Saki N129
  849. Salanave B160
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  852. Salomaa V306
  853. Salonen JT191
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  858. Santos IS70
  859. Santos LC366
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  864. Sarganas G21, 479
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  869. Sawada N481
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  871. Scazufca M482
  872. Schaan BD153
  873. Schargrodsky H483
  874. Schipf S171
  875. Schmidt CO171
  876. Schnohr P35
  877. Schottker B308
  878. Schramm S189, 300
  879. Schultsz C484
  880. Schutte AE6, 485
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  883. Sen A486
  884. Senbanjo IO487
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  889. Shamshirgaran M75
  890. Shanthirani CS60
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  914. Slusarczyk P404
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  917. Soares FC88
  918. Sobngwi E69
  919. Soderberg S209
  920. Soemantri A494
  921. Sofat R115
  922. Solfrizzi V495
  923. Somi MH195
  924. Sonestedt E232
  925. Song Y221
  926. Sorensen TIA34
  927. Sorgjerd EP294
  928. Soric M164
  929. Sossa Jerome C496
  930. Soumare A497
  931. Sparboenilsen B498
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  933. Staessen JA499
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  947. Suka M502
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  950. Suriyawongpaisal P32
  951. Sy RG463
  952. Syddall HE145
  953. Sylva RC504
  954. Szklo M316
  955. Shyong Tai E350
  956. Tammesoo ML207
  957. Tamosiunas A101
  958. Tan EJ291
  959. Tang X221
  960. Tanser F505
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  962. Tarawneh MR506
  963. Tarquimamani CB476
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  1001. Tullu F515
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  1007. Tzourio C497
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  1023. Vanderschueren D140
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  1025. Varbo A34, 35
  1026. Vasan SK145
  1027. Vega T361
  1028. Veidebaum T359
  1029. Velasquezmelendez G226
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  1031. Verschuren WMM113
  1032. Verstraeten R522
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  1037. Vioque J523
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  1084. Ye X357
  1085. Yiallouros PK540
  1086. Yoosefi M11
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Source: The Lancet Published:2021


Abstract

Background: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings: The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation: Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. Funding: WHO. © 2021 World Health Organization
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