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Leishmanicidal Potentials of Gossypium Hirsutum Extract and Its Fractions on Leishmania Major in a Murine Model: Parasite Burden, Gene Expression, and Histopathological Profile Publisher Pubmed



Sharifi F1 ; Sharififar F2 ; Pournamdari M1 ; Ansari M3 ; Oliaee RT1 ; Bamorovat M4 ; Khosravi A1 ; Keyhani AR5 ; Salarkia E6 ; Mortazaeizdeh A1 ; Dabiri S7 ; Khamesipour A1 ; Sharifi I1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  2. 2. Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, Kerman, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  5. 5. Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  6. 6. Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  7. 7. Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology Published:2021


Abstract

Introduction. Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical and subtropical disease caused by over 20 protozoan species. Hypothesis. Treatment of this complex disease with traditional synthetic drugs is a major challenge worldwide. Natural constituents are unique candidates for future therapeutic development. Aim. This study aimed to assess the in vivo anti-leishmanial effect of the Gossypium hirsutum extract, and its fractions compared to the standard drug (Glucantime, MA) in a murine model and explore the mechanism of action. Methodology. Footpads of BALB/c mice were infected with stationary phase promastigotes and treated topically and intraperitoneally with G. hirsutum extract, its fractions, or Glucantime, 4 weeks post-infection. The extract and fractions were prepared using the Soxhlet apparatus with chloroform followed by the column procedure. Results. The crude extract significantly decreased the footpad parasite load and lesion size compared to the untreated control group (P0.05), as revealed by dilution assay, quantitative real-Time PCR, and histopathological analyses. The primary mode of action involved an immunomodulatory role towards the Th1 response in the up-regulation of IFN-and IL-12 and the suppression of IL-10 gene expression profiling against cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major. Conclusion. This finding suggests that the extract possesses multiple combinatory effects of diverse bioactive phytochemical compositions that exert its mechanisms of action through agonistic-synergistic interactions. The topical extract formulation could be a suitable and unique candidate for future investigation and pharmacological development. Further studies are crucial to evaluate the therapeutic potentials of the extract alone and in combination with conventional drugs using clinical settings. © 2021 Microbiology Society. All rights reserved.
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