Microbiota Alterations and Their Association With Oncogenomic Changes in Pancreatic Cancer Patients Publisher Pubmed



Sammallahti H^{1, 2} ; Kokkola A² ; Rezasoltani S³ ; Ghanbari R⁴ ; Aghdaei HA⁵ ; Knuutila S¹ ; Puolakkainen P² ; Sarhadi VK⁶
Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences Published:2021

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive disease with a high mortality and poor prognosis. The human microbiome is a key factor in many malignancies, having the ability to alter host metabolism and immune responses and participate in tumorigenesis. Gut microbes have an influence on physiological functions of the healthy pancreas and are themselves controlled by pancreatic secretions. An altered oral microbiota may colonize the pancreas and cause local inflammation by the action of its metabolites, which may lead to carcinogenesis. The mechanisms behind dysbiosis and PC development are not completely clear. Herein, we review the complex interactions between PC tumorigenesis and the microbiota, and especially the question, whether and how an altered microbiota induces oncogenomic changes, or vice versa, whether cancer mutations have an impact on microbiota composition. In addition, the role of the microbiota in drug efficacy in PC chemo‐ and immunotherapies is discussed. Possible future scenarios are the intentional manipulation of the gut microbiota in combination with therapy or the utilization of microbial profiles for the noninvasive screening and monitoring of PC. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.