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Immunoinformatics Design and Synthesis of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Against Helicobacter Pylori Based on Lipid Nanoparticles Publisher Pubmed



Jebali A1, 2 ; Esmaeilzadeh A3 ; Esmaeilzadeh MK4 ; Shabani S5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Nanobiomimetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Eeducational and Hospital Pharmacies Complex, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Biological Sciences, Bio-molecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States

Source: Scientific Reports Published:2024


Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is responsible for various chronic or acute diseases, such as stomach ulcers, dyspepsia, peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux, gastritis, lymphoma, and stomach cancers. Although specific drugs are available to treat the bacterium's harmful effects, there is an urgent need to develop a preventive or therapeutic vaccine. Therefore, the current study aims to create a multi-epitope vaccine against H. pylori using lipid nanoparticles. Five epitopes from five target proteins of H. pylori, namely, Urease, CagA, HopE, SabA, and BabA, were used. Immunogenicity, MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) bonding, allergenicity, toxicity, physicochemical analysis, and global population coverage of the entire epitopes and final construct were carefully examined. The study involved using various bioinformatic web tools to accomplish the following tasks: modeling the three-dimensional structure of a set of epitopes and the final construct and docking them with Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4). In the experimental phase, the final multi-epitope construct was synthesized using the solid phase method, and it was then enclosed in lipid nanoparticles. After synthesizing the construct, its loading, average size distribution, and nanoliposome shape were checked using Nanodrop at 280 nm, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and atomic force microscope (AFM). The designed vaccine has been confirmed to be non-toxic and anti-allergic. It can bind with different MHC alleles at a rate of 99.05%. The construct loading was determined to be about 91%, with an average size of 54 nm. Spherical shapes were also observed in the AFM images. Further laboratory tests are necessary to confirm the safety and immunogenicity of the multi-epitope vaccine. © The Author(s) 2024.
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