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A Saturated Map of Common Genetic Variants Associated With Human Height Publisher Pubmed



Yengo L1 ; Vedantam S2, 3 ; Marouli E4 ; Sidorenko J1 ; Bartell E2, 3, 5 ; Sakaue S3, 6, 7, 8 ; Graff M9 ; Eliasen AU10, 11 ; Jiang Y12 ; Raghavan S13, 14 ; Miao J2, 3 ; Arias JD15 ; Graham SE16 ; Mukamel RE3, 17, 18 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Yengo L1
  2. Vedantam S2, 3
  3. Marouli E4
  4. Sidorenko J1
  5. Bartell E2, 3, 5
  6. Sakaue S3, 6, 7, 8
  7. Graff M9
  8. Eliasen AU10, 11
  9. Jiang Y12
  10. Raghavan S13, 14
  11. Miao J2, 3
  12. Arias JD15
  13. Graham SE16
  14. Mukamel RE3, 17, 18
  15. Spracklen CN19, 20
  16. Yin X21
  17. Chen SH22
  18. Ferreira T23
  19. Highland HH9
  20. Ji Y24
  21. Karaderi T25, 26
  22. Lin K27
  23. Lull K28
  24. Malden DE27
  25. Medinagomez C29
  26. Machado M15
  27. Moore A30
  28. Rueger S31, 32
  29. Sim X33
  30. Vrieze S34
  31. Ahluwalia TS35, 36
  32. Akiyama M6, 37
  33. Allison MA38
  34. Alvarez M39
  35. Andersen MK40
  36. Ani A41, 42
  37. Appadurai V43
  38. Arbeeva L44
  39. Bhaskar S45
  40. Bielak LF46
  41. Bollepalli S47
  42. Bonnycastle LL48
  43. Borkjensen J40
  44. Bradfield JP49, 50
  45. Bradford Y51
  46. Braund PS52, 53
  47. Brody JA54
  48. Burgdorf KS55, 56
  49. Cade BE5, 57
  50. Cai H58
  51. Cai Q58
  52. Campbell A59
  53. Canadasgarre M60
  54. Catamo E61
  55. Chai JF33
  56. Chai X62, 63
  57. Chang LC64
  58. Chang YC64, 65, 66
  59. Chen CH64
  60. Chesi A67, 68
  61. Choi SH69
  62. Chung RH70
  63. Cocca M61
  64. Concas MP61
  65. Couture C71
  66. Cuellarpartida G12, 72
  67. Danning R73
  68. Daw EW74
  69. Degenhard F75
  70. Delgado GE76
  71. Delitala A77
  72. Demirkan A78, 79
  73. Deng X80
  74. Devineni P81
  75. Dietl A82, 83
  76. Dimitriou M84
  77. Dimitrov L85
  78. Dorajoo R86, 87
  79. Ekici AB88
  80. Engmann JE89
  81. Fairhursthunter Z27
  82. Farmaki AE84
  83. Faul JD90
  84. Fernandezlopez JC91
  85. Forer L92
  86. Francescatto M93
  87. Freitagwolf S94
  88. Fuchsberger C95
  89. Galesloot TE96
  90. Gao Y97
  91. Gao Z98, 99
  92. Geller F101
  93. Giannakopoulou O4
  94. Giulianini F73
  95. Gjesing AP40
  96. Goel A26, 102
  97. Gordon SD103
  98. Gorski M82
  99. Grove J104, 105, 106
  100. Guo X107
  101. Gustafsson S108
  102. Haessler J109
  103. Hansen TF43, 56, 110
  104. Havulinna AS47, 111
  105. Haworth SJ112, 113
  106. He J58
  107. Heardcosta N114, 115
  108. Hebbar P116
  109. Hindy G3, 117
  110. Ho YLA118
  111. Hofer E119, 120
  112. Holliday E121
  113. Horn K122, 123
  114. Hornsby WE16
  115. Hottenga JJ124
  116. Huang H125
  117. Huang J126, 127
  118. Huertachagoya A128, 129, 130
  119. Huffman JE118
  120. Hung YJ131
  121. Huo S132
  122. Hwang MY133
  123. Iha H134
  124. Ikeda DD134
  125. Isono M135
  126. Jackson AU21
  127. Jager S136, 137
  128. Jansen IE138, 139
  129. Johansson I140, 141
  130. Jonas JB142, 143, 144, 145
  131. Jonsson A40
  132. Jorgensen T146, 147
  133. Kalafati IP84
  134. Kanai M3, 6, 7
  135. Kanoni S4
  136. Karhus LL146
  137. Kasturiratne A148
  138. Katsuya T149
  139. Kawaguchi T150
  140. Kember RL151
  141. Kentistou KA152, 153
  142. Kim HN154, 155
  143. Kim YJ133
  144. Kleber ME76, 156
  145. Knol MJ78
  146. Kurbasic A157
  147. Lauzon M107
  148. Le P158, 159
  149. Lea R160
  150. Lee JY161
  151. Leonard HL162, 163, 164
  152. Li SA15, 165
  153. Li X107
  154. Li X107
  155. Liang J166
  156. Lin H167
  157. Lin SY168
  158. Liu J27, 78
  159. Liu X101
  160. Lo KS169
  161. Long J58
  162. Loresmotta L170
  163. Luan J171
  164. Lyssenko V172, 173
  165. Lyytikainen LP174, 175, 176
  166. Mahajan A26, 498
  167. Mamakou V177
  168. Mangino M178, 179
  169. Manichaikul A180
  170. Marten J181
  171. Mattheisen M104, 182, 183
  172. Mavarani L184
  173. Mcdaid AF31, 32
  174. Meidtner K136, 137
  175. Melendez TL16
  176. Mercader JM18, 128, 185, 186
  177. Milaneschi Y187
  178. Miller JE188, 189
  179. Millwood IY190
  180. Mishra PP174, 175
  181. Mitchell RE112, 191
  182. Mollehave LT146
  183. Morgan A61
  184. Mucha S192
  185. Munz M192
  186. Nakatochi M193
  187. Nelson CP52, 53
  188. Nethander M194, 195
  189. Nho CW196
  190. Nielsen AA197
  191. Nolte IM41
  192. Nongmaithem SS45, 198
  193. Noordam R199
  194. Ntalla I4
  195. Nutile T200
  196. Pandit A21
  197. Christofidou P178
  198. Parna K28, 41
  199. Pauper M170
  200. Petersen ERB201
  201. Petersen LV105, 202
  202. Pitkanen N203, 204
  203. Polasek O205, 206
  204. Poveda A157
  205. Preuss MH207, 208
  206. Pyarajan S5, 57, 81
  207. Raffield LM19
  208. Rakugi H149
  209. Ramirez J4, 209, 210
  210. Rasheed A211
  211. Raven D212
  212. Rayner NW26, 198, 213, 214
  213. Riveros C215, 216
  214. Rohde R9
  215. Ruggiero D200, 217
  216. Ruotsalainen SE47
  217. Ryan KA218, 219
  218. Sabaterlleal M220, 221
  219. Saxena R3, 186
  220. Scholz M122, 123
  221. Sendamarai A81
  222. Shen B222
  223. Shi J12
  224. Shin JH223
  225. Sidore C224
  226. Sitlani CM54
  227. Slieker RC225, 226, 227
  228. Smit RAJ207, 228
  229. Smith AV46, 229
  230. Smith JA46, 90
  231. Smyth LJ60
  232. Southam L213, 230
  233. Steinthorsdottir V231
  234. Sun L132
  235. Takeuchi F135
  236. Tallapragada DSP45, 232
  237. Taylor KD107
  238. Tayo BO233
  239. Tcheandjieu C234, 235
  240. Terzikhan N78
  241. Tesolin P93
  242. Teumer A236, 237
  243. Theusch E238
  244. Thompson DJ239, 240
  245. Thorleifsson G231
  246. Timmers PRHJ152, 181
  247. Trompet S199, 241
  248. Turman C125
  249. Vaccargiu S224
  250. Van Der Laan SW242
  251. Van Der Most PJ41
  252. Van Klinken JB243, 244, 245
  253. Van Setten J246
  254. Verma SS67
  255. Verweij N247
  256. Veturi Y51
  257. Wang CA215, 216
  258. Wang C86, 248
  259. Wang L74
  260. Wang Z207
  261. Warren HR4, 249
  262. Bin Wei W250
  263. Wickremasinghe AR148
  264. Wielscher M251, 252
  265. Wiggins KL54
  266. Winsvold BS253, 254
  267. Wong A255
  268. Wu Y1
  269. Wuttke M256, 257
  270. Xia R258
  271. Xie T41
  272. Yamamoto K259
  273. Yang J260, 261
  274. Yao J107
  275. Young H34
  276. Yousri NA262, 263
  277. Yu L260, 261
  278. Zeng L264
  279. Zhang W265, 266
  280. Zhang X51
  281. Zhao JH267
  282. Zhao W46
  283. Zhou W3, 268, 269, 270
  284. Zimmermann ME82
  285. Zoledziewska M224
  286. Adair LS271, 272
  287. Adams HHH273, 274, 275
  288. Aguilarsalinas CA276, 277
  289. Almulla F116
  290. Arnett DK278
  291. Asselbergs FW246, 279, 280
  292. Asvold BO281, 282, 283
  293. Attia J121
  294. Banas B284
  295. Bandinelli S285
  296. Bennett DA260, 261
  297. Bergler T284
  298. Bharadwaj D286
  299. Biino G287
  300. Bisgaard H10
  301. Boerwinkle E288
  302. Boger CA284, 289, 290
  303. Bonnelykke K10
  304. Boomsma DI124
  305. Borglum AD104, 105, 291, 292
  306. Borja JB293, 294
  307. Bouchard C295
  308. Bowden DW85, 296
  309. Brandslund I297, 298
  310. Brumpton B281, 299
  311. Buring JE5, 73
  312. Caulfield MJ4, 249
  313. Chambers JC265, 266, 300, 301
  314. Chandak GR45, 302
  315. Chanock SJ15
  316. Chaturvedi N255
  317. Chen YDI107
  318. Chen Z190
  319. Cheng CY62, 303
  320. Christophersen IE304, 305
  321. Ciullo M200, 217
  322. Cole JW306, 307
  323. Collins FS48
  324. Cooper RS233
  325. Cruz M308
  326. Cucca F224, 309
  327. Cupples LA80, 115
  328. Cutler MJ310
  329. Damrauer SM51, 311, 312
  330. Dantoft TM146
  331. De Borst GJ313
  332. De Groot LCPGM314
  333. De Jager PL3, 315
  334. De Kleijn DPV313
  335. Janaka De Silva H148
  336. Dedoussis GV84
  337. Den Hollander AI170
  338. Du S271, 272
  339. Easton DF239, 316
  340. Elders PJM317
  341. Eliassen AH57, 125, 318
  342. Ellinor PT69, 319, 320
  343. Elmstahl S321
  344. Erdmann J192
  345. Evans MK222
  346. Fatkin D322, 323, 324
  347. Feenstra B101
  348. Feitosa MF74
  349. Ferrucci L325
  350. Ford I326
  351. Fornage M258, 327
  352. Franke A75
  353. Franks PW157, 318, 328
  354. Freedman BI329
  355. Gasparini P61, 93
  356. Gieger C99, 137
  357. Girotto G61, 93
  358. Goddard ME330, 331
  359. Golightly YM9, 44, 332, 333
  360. Gonzalezvillalpando C334
  361. Gordonlarsen P271, 272
  362. Grallert H99, 137
  363. Grant SFA49, 335, 336, 337
  364. Grarup N40
  365. Griffiths L160
  366. Gudnason V229, 338
  367. Haiman C339
  368. Hakonarson H49, 335, 340, 341
  369. Hansen T40
  370. Hartman CA212
  371. Hattersley AT342
  372. Hayward C181
  373. Heckbert SR343
  374. Heng CK344, 345
  375. Hengstenberg C346
  376. Hewitt AW347, 348, 349
  377. Hishigaki H134
  378. Hoyng CB170
  379. Huang PL5, 320, 350
  380. Huang W351
  381. Hunt SC262, 352
  382. Hveem K281, 282
  383. Hypponen E353, 354
  384. Iacono WG34
  385. Ichihara S355
  386. Ikram MA78
  387. Isasi CR356
  388. Jackson RD357
  389. Jarvelin MR251, 358, 359, 360
  390. Jin ZB145, 361
  391. Jockel KH184
  392. Joshi PK153
  393. Jousilahti P111
  394. Jukema JW241, 362, 363
  395. Kahonen M364, 365
  396. Kamatani Y6, 366
  397. Kang KD367
  398. Kaprio J47
  399. Kardia SLR46
  400. Karpe F214, 368
  401. Kato N135
  402. Kee F60
  403. Kessler T264, 369
  404. Khera AV3, 186
  405. Khor CC86
  406. Kiemeney LALM96, 370
  407. Kim BJ133
  408. Kim EK371, 372
  409. Kim HL373
  410. Kirchhof P374, 375, 376, 377
  411. Kivimaki M378
  412. Koh WP379
  413. Koistinen HA111, 380, 381
  414. Kolovou GD382
  415. Kooner JS265, 301, 383, 384
  416. Kooperberg C109
  417. Kottgen A256
  418. Kovacs P385
  419. Kraaijeveld A246
  420. Kraft P125
  421. Krauss RM238
  422. Kumari M386
  423. Kutalik Z31, 32
  424. Laakso M387
  425. Lange LA388
  426. Langenberg C171, 389
  427. Launer LJ222
  428. Le Marchand L390
  429. Lee H391
  430. Lee NR293
  431. Lehtimaki T174, 175
  432. Li H132
  433. Li L392, 393
  434. Lieb W394
  435. Lin X132, 395
  436. Lind L108
  437. Linneberg A146, 396
  438. Liu CT80
  439. Liu J27, 78
  440. Loeffler M122, 123
  441. London B397
  442. Lubitz SA69, 319, 320
  443. Lye SJ398
  444. Mackey DA347, 349
  445. Magi R28
  446. Magnusson PKE399
  447. Marcus GM400
  448. Vidal PM401, 402
  449. Martin NG103
  450. Marz W76, 403, 404
  451. Matsuda F150
  452. Mcgarrah RW405, 406
  453. Mcgue M34
  454. Mcknight AJ60
  455. Medland SE407
  456. Mellstrom D194, 408
  457. Metspalu A28
  458. Mitchell BD218, 219, 409
  459. Mitchell P410
  460. Mookkanamori DO228, 411
  461. Morris AD412
  462. Mucci LA125
  463. Munroe PB4, 249
  464. Nalls MA162, 163, 164
  465. Nazarian S413
  466. Nelson AE44, 414
  467. Neville MJ214, 368
  468. Newtoncheh C186, 320
  469. Nielsen CS415, 416
  470. Nothen MM417
  471. Ohlsson C194, 418
  472. Oldehinkel AJ212
  473. Orozco L419
  474. Pahkala K203, 204, 420
  475. Pajukanta P39, 421
  476. Palmer CNA422
  477. Parra EJ159
  478. Pattaro C95
  479. Pedersen O40
  480. Pennell CE215, 216
  481. Penninx BWJH187
  482. Perusse L71, 423
  483. Peters A100, 137, 424
  484. Peyser PA46
  485. Porteous DJ59
  486. Posthuma D138
  487. Power C425
  488. Pramstaller PP95
  489. Province MA74
  490. Qi Q356
  491. Qu J361
  492. Rader DJ51, 426
  493. Raitakari OT203, 204, 427
  494. Ralhan S428
  495. Rallidis LS429
  496. Rao DC430
  497. Redline S5, 57
  498. Reilly DF431
  499. Reiner AP109, 432
  500. Rhee SY433
  501. Ridker PM5, 73
  502. Rienstra M247
  503. Ripatti S3, 47, 434
  504. Ritchie MD51
  505. Roden DM435
  506. Rosendaal FR228
  507. Rotter JI107
  508. Rudan I152
  509. Rutters F436
  510. Sabanayagam C62, 303
  511. Saleheen D211, 437
  512. Salomaa V111
  513. Samani NJ52, 53
  514. Sanghera DK438, 439, 440, 441
  515. Sattar N442
  516. Schmidt B184
  517. Schmidt H443
  518. Schmidt R119
  519. Schulze MB136, 137, 444
  520. Schunkert H445
  521. Scott LJ21
  522. Scott RJ446
  523. Sever P384
  524. Shiroma EJ222
  525. Shoemaker MB447
  526. Shu XO58
  527. Simonsick EM325
  528. Sims M97
  529. Singh JR448
  530. Singleton AB162
  531. Sinner MF369, 449
  532. Smith JG450, 451, 452
  533. Snieder H41
  534. Spector TD178
  535. Stampfer MJ57, 125, 318
  536. Stark KJ82
  537. Strachan DP453
  538. T Hart LM225, 226, 227, 454
  539. Tabara Y150
  540. Tang H455
  541. Tardif JC169, 456
  542. Thanaraj TA116
  543. Timpson NJ112, 191
  544. Tonjes A385
  545. Tremblay A71, 423
  546. Tuomi T47, 173, 457, 458
  547. Tuomilehto J111, 459, 460
  548. Tusieluna MT461, 462
  549. Uitterlinden AG29
  550. Van Dam RM33, 463, 464
  551. Van Der Harst P246, 247
  552. Van Der Velde N29, 465
  553. Van Duijn CM27, 78
  554. Van Schoor NM466
  555. Vitart V181
  556. Volker U237, 467
  557. Vollenweider P401, 402
  558. Volzke H236, 237
  559. Wacherrodarte NH468
  560. Walker M469
  561. Wang YX145
  562. Wareham NJ171
  563. Watanabe RM470, 471, 472
  564. Watkins H26, 102
  565. Weir DR90
  566. Werge TM43, 396, 473
  567. Widen E47
  568. Wilkens LR390
  569. Willemsen G124
  570. Willett WC125, 318
  571. Wilson JF152, 181
  572. Wong TY62, 303
  573. Woo JT433
  574. Wright AF181
  575. Wu JY64, 474
  576. Xu H218, 219
  577. Yajnik CS475
  578. Yokota M476
  579. Yuan JM477, 478
  580. Zeggini E213, 230, 479
  581. Zemel BS51, 68, 337, 340
  582. Zheng W58
  583. Zhu X166
  584. Zmuda JM478
  585. Zonderman AB222
  586. Zwart JA253, 480
  587. Partida GC12
  588. Sun Y484, 485
  589. Croteauchonka D57
  590. Vonk JM41
  591. Chasman DI5, 73
  592. Cho YS223
  593. Heid IM82
  594. Mccarthy MI26, 214, 497
  595. Ng MCY85, 482
  596. Odonnell CJ5, 57, 483
  597. Rivadeneira F29
  598. Thorsteinsdottir U231, 338
  599. Sun YV484, 485
  600. Tai ES33, 463
  601. Boehnke M21
  602. Deloukas P4, 486
  603. Justice AE9, 481
  604. Lindgren CM3, 23, 26
  605. Loos RJF40, 207, 208, 487
  606. Mohlke KL19
  607. North KE9
  608. Stefansson K231, 338
  609. Walters RG190
  610. Winkler TW82
  611. Young KL9
  612. Loh PR3, 17, 18
  613. Yang J260, 261
  614. Esko T28
  615. Assimes TL234, 235
  616. Auton A12
  617. Abecasis GR21
  618. Willer CJ16, 268, 490
  619. Locke AE491
  620. Berndt SI15
  621. Lettre G169, 456
  622. Frayling TM24
  623. Okada Y6, 7, 492, 493, 498, 499
  624. Wood AR24
  625. Visscher PM1
  626. Hirschhorn JN2, 494, 495
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  2. 2. Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  3. 3. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
  4. 4. William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
  5. 5. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
  6. 6. Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
  7. 7. Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
  8. 8. Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
  9. 9. Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  10. 10. COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  11. 11. Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
  12. 12. 23andMe, Sunnyvale, CA, United States
  13. 13. Department of Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, CO, United States
  14. 14. Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
  15. 15. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
  16. 16. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  17. 17. Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  18. 18. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
  19. 19. Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  20. 20. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
  21. 21. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  22. 22. Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
  23. 23. Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  24. 24. Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
  25. 25. Center for Health Data Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  26. 26. Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  27. 27. Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  28. 28. Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
  29. 29. Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  30. 30. Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, RTI International, Durham, NC, United States
  31. 31. Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
  32. 32. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
  33. 33. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
  34. 34. Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
  35. 35. Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
  36. 36. Department of Biology, The Bioinformatics Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  37. 37. Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
  38. 38. Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
  39. 39. Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  40. 40. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  41. 41. Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  42. 42. Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  43. 43. Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
  44. 44. Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  45. 45. Genomic Research on Complex diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
  46. 46. Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  47. 47. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  48. 48. Molecular Genetics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  49. 49. Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  50. 50. Quantinuum Research, Wayne, PA, United States
  51. 51. Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  52. 52. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
  53. 53. NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
  54. 54. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  55. 55. Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
  56. 56. NovoNordic Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
  57. 57. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  58. 58. Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
  59. 59. Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  60. 60. Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
  61. 61. Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
  62. 62. Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
  63. 63. Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
  64. 64. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
  65. 65. Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
  66. 66. Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
  67. 67. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  68. 68. Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  69. 69. Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
  70. 70. Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
  71. 71. Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universite Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
  72. 72. Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  73. 73. Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  74. 74. Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
  75. 75. Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
  76. 76. Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
  77. 77. Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Universita degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
  78. 78. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  79. 79. Section of Statistical Multi-omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
  80. 80. Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
  81. 81. Center for Data and Computational Sciences, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
  82. 82. Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
  83. 83. Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
  84. 84. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  85. 85. Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
  86. 86. Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
  87. 87. Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
  88. 88. Institute of Human Genetics, Universitatsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
  89. 89. Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  90. 90. Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  91. 91. Computational Genomics Department, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
  92. 92. Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
  93. 93. Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
  94. 94. Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
  95. 95. Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lubeck, Bolzano, Italy
  96. 96. Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, Netherlands
  97. 97. Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, United States
  98. 98. Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
  99. 99. Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
  100. 100. Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
  101. 101. Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
  102. 102. Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
  103. 103. Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  104. 104. Department of Biomedicine (Human Genetics) and iSEQ Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  105. 105. The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
  106. 106. BiRC—Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  107. 107. The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
  108. 108. Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  109. 109. Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
  110. 110. Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
  111. 111. Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
  112. 112. MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
  113. 113. Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
  114. 114. Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
  115. 115. Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
  116. 116. Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
  117. 117. Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmo, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
  118. 118. Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
  119. 119. Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
  120. 120. Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
  121. 121. School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
  122. 122. Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
  123. 123. LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
  124. 124. Department of Biological Psychology, Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  125. 125. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
  126. 126. School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
  127. 127. Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
  128. 128. Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
  129. 129. Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicologia Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
  130. 130. Unidad de Biologia Molecular y Medicina Genomica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Mexico City, Mexico
  131. 131. Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
  132. 132. Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
  133. 133. Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju, South Korea
  134. 134. Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
  135. 135. Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
  136. 136. Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
  137. 137. German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
  138. 138. Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  139. 139. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Pediatric Psychology, Section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  140. 140. Department of Biobank Research, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
  141. 141. Department of Odontology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
  142. 142. Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
  143. 143. Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany
  144. 144. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
  145. 145. Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
  146. 146. Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
  147. 147. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  148. 148. Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
  149. 149. Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
  150. 150. Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
  151. 151. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  152. 152. Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  153. 153. Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  154. 154. Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
  155. 155. Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
  156. 156. SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
  157. 157. Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
  158. 158. Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  159. 159. Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
  160. 160. Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
  161. 161. Oneomics, Soonchunhyang Mirai Medical Center, Bucheon-si, South Korea
  162. 162. Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  163. 163. Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  164. 164. Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, United States
  165. 165. Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Rockville, MD, United States
  166. 166. Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  167. 167. Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
  168. 168. Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
  169. 169. Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
  170. 170. Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
  171. 171. MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  172. 172. Department of Clinical Science, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  173. 173. Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmo, Sweden
  174. 174. Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
  175. 175. Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
  176. 176. Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
  177. 177. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Athens, Greece
  178. 178. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
  179. 179. NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
  180. 180. Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
  181. 181. MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  182. 182. Department of Psychiatry and Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
  183. 183. Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
  184. 184. Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
  185. 185. Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  186. 186. Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  187. 187. Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  188. 188. Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, United States
  189. 189. Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  190. 190. MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  191. 191. Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
  192. 192. Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lubeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Lubeck/Kiel and University Heart Center Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
  193. 193. Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
  194. 194. Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  195. 195. Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  196. 196. Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
  197. 197. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
  198. 198. Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
  199. 199. Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
  200. 200. Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
  201. 201. Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
  202. 202. The National Centre for Register-based Research, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
  203. 203. Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
  204. 204. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
  205. 205. Medical School, University of Split, Split, Croatia
  206. 206. Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
  207. 207. The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
  208. 208. Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
  209. 209. Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
  210. 210. Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
  211. 211. Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
  212. 212. Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  213. 213. Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
  214. 214. Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
  215. 215. Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
  216. 216. School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
  217. 217. IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
  218. 218. Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
  219. 219. Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
  220. 220. Unit of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
  221. 221. Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
  222. 222. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
  223. 223. Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
  224. 224. Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
  225. 225. Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
  226. 226. Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  227. 227. Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  228. 228. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
  229. 229. Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
  230. 230. Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
  231. 231. deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
  232. 232. Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  233. 233. Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
  234. 234. VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
  235. 235. Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
  236. 236. Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
  237. 237. DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
  238. 238. Cardiology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, United States
  239. 239. Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  240. 240. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  241. 241. Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
  242. 242. Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
  243. 243. Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
  244. 244. Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  245. 245. Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  246. 246. Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
  247. 247. Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  248. 248. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
  249. 249. NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
  250. 250. Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
  251. 251. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  252. 252. Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  253. 253. Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
  254. 254. Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
  255. 255. MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  256. 256. Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
  257. 257. Department of Medicine IV – Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
  258. 258. Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
  259. 259. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
  260. 260. Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
  261. 261. Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
  262. 262. Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
  263. 263. Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  264. 264. Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
  265. 265. Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
  266. 266. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  267. 267. Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  268. 268. Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  269. 269. Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  270. 270. Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
  271. 271. Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  272. 272. Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  273. 273. Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  274. 274. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  275. 275. Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
  276. 276. Unidad de Investigacion de Enfermedades Metabolicas and Direction of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Mexico City, Mexico
  277. 277. Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
  278. 278. Department of Epidemiology and Dean’s Office, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
  279. 279. Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  280. 280. Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  281. 281. KG Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
  282. 282. HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
  283. 283. Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
  284. 284. Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
  285. 285. Geriatric Unit, Azienda Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
  286. 286. Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, India
  287. 287. Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy
  288. 288. Human Genetics Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
  289. 289. Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kliniken Sudostbayern, Regensburg, Germany
  290. 290. KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
  291. 291. Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine (CGPM), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  292. 292. Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  293. 293. USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
  294. 294. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
  295. 295. Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
  296. 296. Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
  297. 297. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
  298. 298. Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
  299. 299. Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
  300. 300. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
  301. 301. Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  302. 302. Adjunct Faculty, JSS University Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), JSS (Deemed to be) University, Mysuru, India
  303. 303. Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
  304. 304. Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
  305. 305. Department of Medical Research, Baerum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
  306. 306. Department of Neurology, Division of Vascular Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
  307. 307. Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, United States
  308. 308. Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
  309. 309. Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
  310. 310. Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, United States
  311. 311. Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  312. 312. Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  313. 313. Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
  314. 314. Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
  315. 315. Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
  316. 316. Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  317. 317. Department of General Practice, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  318. 318. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
  319. 319. Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  320. 320. Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  321. 321. Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmo, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
  322. 322. Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
  323. 323. Cardiology Department, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
  324. 324. Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
  325. 325. Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
  326. 326. Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  327. 327. Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
  328. 328. Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
  329. 329. Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
  330. 330. Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
  331. 331. Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
  332. 332. Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  333. 333. Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  334. 334. Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  335. 335. Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  336. 336. Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  337. 337. Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  338. 338. Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
  339. 339. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  340. 340. Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  341. 341. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  342. 342. Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
  343. 343. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  344. 344. Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
  345. 345. Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
  346. 346. Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  347. 347. Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
  348. 348. Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  349. 349. Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
  350. 350. Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  351. 351. Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Heath and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
  352. 352. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
  353. 353. Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  354. 354. South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  355. 355. Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
  356. 356. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
  357. 357. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
  358. 358. Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
  359. 359. Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland
  360. 360. Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
  361. 361. The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
  362. 362. Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, Netherlands
  363. 363. Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
  364. 364. Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
  365. 365. Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
  366. 366. Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  367. 367. Department of Ophthalmology, The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
  368. 368. NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
  369. 369. German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
  370. 370. Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Urology, Nijmegen, Netherlands
  371. 371. Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
  372. 372. Saevit Eye Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
  373. 373. Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
  374. 374. Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
  375. 375. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  376. 376. German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lubeck, Hamburg, Germany
  377. 377. Atrial Fibrillation NETwork, Munster, Germany
  378. 378. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  379. 379. Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
  380. 380. University of Helsinki and Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  381. 381. Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
  382. 382. Department of Preventive Cardiology, Lipoprotein Apheresis Unit and Lipid Disorders Clinic, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
  383. 383. MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  384. 384. National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  385. 385. Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
  386. 386. Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
  387. 387. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
  388. 388. Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
  389. 389. Berlin Institute of Health at Charite – Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  390. 390. Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
  391. 391. Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
  392. 392. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
  393. 393. Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
  394. 394. Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank Popgen, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
  395. 395. Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
  396. 396. Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  397. 397. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
  398. 398. Alliance for Human Development, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
  399. 399. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  400. 400. Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
  401. 401. Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
  402. 402. University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
  403. 403. SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland, Mannheim, Germany
  404. 404. Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
  405. 405. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
  406. 406. Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
  407. 407. Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  408. 408. Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  409. 409. Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
  410. 410. Centre for Vision Research and Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Millennium Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  411. 411. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
  412. 412. Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  413. 413. Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  414. 414. Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  415. 415. Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
  416. 416. Department of Pain Management and Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
  417. 417. Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
  418. 418. Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden
  419. 419. Laboratorio de Inmunogenomica y Enfermedades Metabolicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
  420. 420. Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
  421. 421. Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  422. 422. Pat MacPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
  423. 423. Centre Nutrition, Sante et Societe (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Universite Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
  424. 424. IBE, LMU Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
  425. 425. Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
  426. 426. Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  427. 427. Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
  428. 428. Hero DMC Heart Institute, Dyanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India
  429. 429. Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
  430. 430. Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
  431. 431. Genetics, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Kenilworth, NJ, United States
  432. 432. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  433. 433. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
  434. 434. Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  435. 435. Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
  436. 436. Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  437. 437. Department of Cardiology and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
  438. 438. Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
  439. 439. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
  440. 440. Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
  441. 441. Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
  442. 442. Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  443. 443. Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
  444. 444. Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
  445. 445. Deutsches Herzzentrum Munchen, Cardiology, Deutsches Zentrum fur Herz- und Kreislaufforschung (DZHK) – Munich Heart Alliance, and Technische Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
  446. 446. School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
  447. 447. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
  448. 448. Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
  449. 449. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
  450. 450. Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
  451. 451. The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University and the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
  452. 452. Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  453. 453. Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
  454. 454. Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
  455. 455. Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
  456. 456. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  457. 457. Helsinki University Central Hospital, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  458. 458. Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
  459. 459. Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  460. 460. Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  461. 461. Unidad de Biologia Molecular y Medicina Genomica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
  462. 462. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
  463. 463. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
  464. 464. Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
  465. 465. Department Geriatric Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  466. 466. Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  467. 467. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
  468. 468. Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Epidemiologia Clinica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
  469. 469. Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
  470. 470. Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  471. 471. Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  472. 472. USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  473. 473. Lundbeck Foundation Center for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  474. 474. School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
  475. 475. Diabetes Unit, KEM Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India
  476. 476. Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
  477. 477. Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
  478. 478. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
  479. 479. TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
  480. 480. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  481. 481. Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA, United States
  482. 482. Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
  483. 483. Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
  484. 484. Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States
  485. 485. Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
  486. 486. Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  487. 487. The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
  488. 488. School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
  489. 489. Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
  490. 490. Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  491. 491. McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
  492. 492. Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka, Japan
  493. 493. Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
  494. 494. Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
  495. 495. Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
  496. 496. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, St Cloud State University, St Cloud, MN, United States
  497. 497. Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
  498. 498. Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
  499. 499. Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Source: Nature Published:2022


Abstract

Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are predicted to collectively explain 40–50% of phenotypic variation in human height, but identifying the specific variants and associated regions requires huge sample sizes1. Here, using data from a genome-wide association study of 5.4 million individuals of diverse ancestries, we show that 12,111 independent SNPs that are significantly associated with height account for nearly all of the common SNP-based heritability. These SNPs are clustered within 7,209 non-overlapping genomic segments with a mean size of around 90 kb, covering about 21% of the genome. The density of independent associations varies across the genome and the regions of increased density are enriched for biologically relevant genes. In out-of-sample estimation and prediction, the 12,111 SNPs (or all SNPs in the HapMap 3 panel2) account for 40% (45%) of phenotypic variance in populations of European ancestry but only around 10–20% (14–24%) in populations of other ancestries. Effect sizes, associated regions and gene prioritization are similar across ancestries, indicating that reduced prediction accuracy is likely to be explained by linkage disequilibrium and differences in allele frequency within associated regions. Finally, we show that the relevant biological pathways are detectable with smaller sample sizes than are needed to implicate causal genes and variants. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive map of specific genomic regions that contain the vast majority of common height-associated variants. Although this map is saturated for populations of European ancestry, further research is needed to achieve equivalent saturation in other ancestries. © 2022, The Author(s).
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