Osteoimmunomodulation by Bone Implant Materials: Harnessing Physicochemical Properties and Chemical Composition Publisher



Sanati M¹ ; Pieterman I² ; Levy N^{3, 4} ; Akbari T⁵ ; Tavakoli M⁶ ; Hassani Najafabadi A⁷ ; Amin Yavari S^{1, 4} Show Affiliations
Source: Biomaterials Science Published:2025

Abstract

Chronic inflammation at bone defect sites can impede regenerative processes, but local immune responses can be adjusted to promote healing. Regulating the osteoimmune microenvironment, particularly through macrophage polarization, has become a key focus in bone regeneration research. While bone implants are crucial for addressing significant bone defects, they are often recognized by the immune system as foreign, triggering inflammation that leads to bone resorption and implant issues like fibrous encapsulation and aseptic loosening. Developing osteoimmunomodulatory implants offers a promising approach to transforming destructive inflammation into healing processes, enhancing implant integration and bone regeneration. This review explores strategies based on tuning the physicochemical attributes and chemical composition of materials in engineering osteoimmunomodulatory and pro-regenerative bone implants. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.