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Effects of Morphine and Maternal Care on Behaviors and Protein Expression of Male Offspring Publisher Pubmed



Akbarabadi A1 ; Sadatshirazi MS1 ; Kabbaj M2, 3 ; Nouri Zadehtehrani S1 ; Khalifeh S4 ; Pirri F1 ; Zarrindast MR1, 4, 5, 6
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306-1270, FL, United States
  3. 3. Program of Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306-1270, FL, United States
  4. 4. Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

Source: Neuroscience Published:2021


Abstract

Genes and environment interact during development to alter gene expression and behavior. Parental morphine exposure before conception has devastating effects on the offspring. In the present study, we evaluated the role of maternal care in the intergenerational effect of maternal morphine exposure. Female rats received morphine or saline for ten days and were drugfree for another ten days. Thereafter, they were allowed to mate with drug-naive male rats. When pups were born, they were cross-fostered to assess the contribution of maternal care versus morphine effects on the offspring. Adult male offspring were examined for anxiety-like behavior, spatial memory, and obsessive–compulsive-like behavior. To determine the mechanisms underlying the observed behavioral changes, protein levels of acetylated histone H3, BDNF, Trk-B, NMDA subunits, p-CREB, and 5-HT3R were measured in the brain. Our results indicate that maternal caregiving is impaired in morphine-abstinent mothers. Interestingly, maternal care behaviors were also affected in drug-naive mothers that raised offspring of morphine-exposed mothers. In addition, the offspring of morphine abstinent and non-drug dependent mothers, when raised by morphine abstinent mothers, exhibited more anxiety, obsessive–compulsive behaviors and impaired spatial memory. These altered behaviors were associated with alterations in the levels of the above-mentioned proteins. These data illustrate the intergenerational effects of maternal morphine exposure on offspring behaviors. Moreover, exposure to morphine before gestation not only affects maternal care and offspring behavior, but also has negative consequences on behaviors and protein expression in adoptive mothers of affected offspring. © 2021 IBRO
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