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Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale: Translation, Test, and Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version Publisher



Vand HDA1 ; Vargahan FA2 ; Charkhabi M3, 4 ; Haghighi KS5 ; Dutheil F6 ; Habibi M7, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. National Research University, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
  4. 4. Department of Psychology, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
  5. 5. Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Universite Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
  7. 7. Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Health Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Nature and Science of Sleep Published:2020


Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the current study is to translate, test and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES) in Persian language. Methods: Participants consisted of two samples: a clinical sample of 120 patients (58%) with insomnia disorder meeting DSM-5 criteria for insomnia and a non-clinical sample of 110 participants (42%) with normal sleep. Both samples completed the following measures: GSES, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale-10, Pre Sleep Arousal Scale-cognitive subscale, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21 and sleep diary. Results: Significant correlations were found between GSES and related measures in both groups. Principal component analysis indicated a single component accounted for 64.77% of total variance in the clinical group. Results of the fit estimates for the one-factor model were consistent with the previously specified fit criteria and adequately fitted the data in the non-clinical group. Statistical analyses showed that the GSES has acceptable internal consistency in terms of Cronbach’s Alpha in the clinical (0.75) and non-clinical (0.77) samples. Test– retest reliability for a 4-week interval was significant (r = 0.70). The cut-off point, sensitivity, and specificity of the scale were 6, 85% and 94.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The Persian translated and validated version of the GSES obtained adequate values in psychometric properties in both clinical and non-clinical samples and it can be used for research and clinical purposes in Iran. © 2020 Doos Ali Vand et al.
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