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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Removal of Crystal Violet Dye, Cu(Ii), and Cd(Ii) Ions by Magnetic Cofe2o4 Nanoparticles Using Central Composite Design Publisher



Alhawary SIS1 ; Kamel A2 ; Abdullaev SS3, 4 ; Kareem AK5 ; Alkhuzai KA6 ; Romeroparra RM7 ; Hossein Amini A8 ; Alawsi T9 ; Abosaooda M10 ; Dejaverdi M11
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Business Administration, Business School, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
  2. 2. College of Nursing, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq
  3. 3. Faculty of Chemical Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
  4. 4. Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
  5. 5. Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001 Hillah, Iraq
  6. 6. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Baha University, Al-Aqiq, Saudi Arabia
  7. 7. Department of General Studies, Universidad Continental, Peru, Lima, Peru
  8. 8. Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
  9. 9. Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
  10. 10. College of Pharmacy, the Islamic University, Najaf, 54001, Iraq
  11. 11. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Alexandria Engineering Journal Published:2023


Abstract

In this study, magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (CFO NPs) were fabricated by coprecipitation method for the removal of crystal violet (CV), Cu(II) and Cd(II) from environmental water samples in batch mode. This study investigated the effect of CFO NPs on the removal of CV, Cu(II), and Cd(II) using the response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). For this purpose, batch experiments were designed and performed to evaluate the effect of variables such as pH, adsorbent amount, sonication time, and concentration of pollutants using RSM. Under optimal conditions (ultrasound time of 17 min, pollutant concentration of 15 mg L−1, CFO NPs amount of 0.24 g, and pH = 6), the removal efficiency was achieved in the range of 95.86–99.82%. Evaluating the reusability of the CFO NPs showed that the CFO NPs adsorbent can be reused for up to 5 cycles while maintaining its high efficiency in removing CV, Cu(II) and Cd(II). The removal efficiency of CV, Cu(II) and Cd(II) was obtained in the range of 91.68–97.59% for real samples. Overall, the results revealed that CFO NPs adsorbent has a high ability to remove CV, Cu(II) and Cd(II) from different water samples. © 2023 THE AUTHORS
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