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Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Discriminates Between Monogenic and Type 1 Diabetes in Children Diagnosed at the Age of <5 Years in the Iranian Population Publisher Pubmed



Yaghootkar H1 ; Abbasi F2 ; Ghaemi N3 ; Rabbani A2 ; Wakeling MN4 ; Eshraghi P3 ; Enayati S5 ; Vakili S6 ; Heidari S2 ; Patel K4 ; Sayarifard F2 ; Borhandayani S5 ; Mcdonald TJ4, 7 ; Ellard S4, 7 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Yaghootkar H1
  2. Abbasi F2
  3. Ghaemi N3
  4. Rabbani A2
  5. Wakeling MN4
  6. Eshraghi P3
  7. Enayati S5
  8. Vakili S6
  9. Heidari S2
  10. Patel K4
  11. Sayarifard F2
  12. Borhandayani S5
  13. Mcdonald TJ4, 7
  14. Ellard S4, 7
  15. Hattersley AT4
  16. Amoli MM5
  17. Vakili R3, 6
  18. Colclough K8

Source: Diabetic Medicine Published:2019


Abstract

Aim: To examine the extent to which discriminatory testing using antibodies and Type 1 diabetes genetic risk score, validated in European populations, is applicable in a non-European population. Methods: We recruited 127 unrelated children with diabetes diagnosed between 9 months and 5 years from two centres in Iran. All children underwent targeted next-generation sequencing of 35 monogenic diabetes genes. We measured three islet autoantibodies (islet antigen 2, glutamic acid decarboxylase and zinc transporter 8) and generated a Type 1 diabetes genetic risk score in all children. Results: We identified six children with monogenic diabetes, including four novel mutations: homozygous mutations in WFS1 (n=3), SLC19A2 and SLC29A3, and a heterozygous mutation in GCK. All clinical features were similar in children with monogenic diabetes (n=6) and in the rest of the cohort (n=121). The Type 1 diabetes genetic risk score discriminated children with monogenic from Type 1 diabetes [area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve 0.90 (95% CI 0.83–0.97)]. All children with monogenic diabetes were autoantibody-negative. In children with no mutation, 59 were positive to glutamic acid decarboxylase, 39 to islet antigen 2 and 31 to zinc transporter 8. Measuring zinc transporter 8 increased the number of autoantibody-positive individuals by eight. Conclusions: The present study provides the first evidence that Type 1 diabetes genetic risk score can be used to distinguish monogenic from Type 1 diabetes in an Iranian population with a large number of consanguineous unions. This test can be used to identify children with a higher probability of having monogenic diabetes who could then undergo genetic testing. Identification of these individuals would reduce the cost of treatment and improve the management of their clinical course. © 2019 Diabetes UK
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