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Refeeding Syndrome and Its Related Factors in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study Publisher



Vahdat Shariatpanahi Z1 ; Vahdat Shariatpanahi M2 ; Shahbazi E3 ; Shahbazi S4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

Source: Frontiers in Nutrition Published:2022


Abstract

Background and Aim: Malnutrition and its complications is usually neglected in critically ill COVID-19 patients. We conducted the present study to investigate the prevalence of refeeding syndrome and its related factors in this group of patients. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 327 patients were assessed for being at risk and developing refeeding syndrome. The criteria was ASPEN consensus recommendations for refeeding syndrome released in 2020. Malnutrition was assessed based on global leadership initiative on malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. The relation between actual protein, calorie intake, and refeeding syndrome was also evaluated via cox regression model. The data concerning calorie and protein intake were gathered for 5 days after initiating feeding. The daily protein and calorie intake were divided by kilogram body weight in order to calculate the actual protein (g/kg/day) and energy (kcal/kg/day) intake. Results: Among the subjects, 268 (82%) were at risk of refeeding syndrome and 116 (36%) got involved in this syndrome. Malnutrition, according to the GLIM criteria, was found in 193 (59%) of the subjects. In the at-risk population, the risk of refeeding syndrome was reduced by 90% with the rise in protein intake (CI; 0.021–0.436, P = 0.002), increased by 1.04 times with the increase in age (CI; 1.032–1.067, P < 0.001), and by 1.19 times with the rise in the days from illness onset to admission (CI; 1.081–1.312, P < 0.001) in adjusted cox model analysis. Conclusion: The incidence of refeeding syndrome is relatively high, which threatens the majority of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Increased protein intake was found to reduce the occurrence of refeeding syndrome. Copyright © 2022 Vahdat Shariatpanahi, Vahdat Shariatpanahi, Shahbazi and Shahbazi.
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