Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
The Ahr Pathway Regulation in Phthalates-Induced Cancer Promotion, Progression and Metastasis: A Scoping Review Publisher



Akbariani M1 ; Omidi M2, 3 ; Shahabi Z4 ; Haghiaminjan H5, 6 ; Shadboorestan A7
Authors
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
  4. 4. Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
  6. 6. Toxicology and Diseases Specialty Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Source: Cancer Cell International Published:2025


Abstract

Background: Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Environmental factors, specifically endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), like phthalates, are increasingly being linked to cancer development. Phthalates, widely used in consumer products, can activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). This scoping review investigates how phthalate exposure influences cancer-related molecular pathways through the regulation of the AhR pathway to uncover the underlying mechanisms. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (ISI) database up to November 2023. Studies were selected based on peer-reviewed status, focus on phthalates’ effects on cancer through the AhR pathway and the availability of full texts. Data extraction emphasized study models, types of phthalates, exposure protocols, and cancer-related signaling pathway outcomes. Results: Out of 108 initial articles, 10 met the inclusion criteria. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its metabolite Mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) were found to promote cancer cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and chemoresistance through the AhR pathway. Specifically, DEHP activated AhR, leading to elevated expression of EMT markers, increased cancer stem cell populations, and enhanced drug metabolism and resistance. Other phthalates, such as Butyl Benzyl Phthalate (BBP), also activated AhR-mediated pathways, promoting angiogenesis and metastasis. Conclusion: Phthalates activate the AhR pathway, contributing to cancer progression underscoring the need for developing effective interventions against phthalate-induced carcinogenesis. Regulatory measures to minimize phthalate exposure are crucial to preventing harmful health effects and improving cancer treatment outcomes. © The Author(s) 2024.
Related Docs
1. Role of Hesperidin/Hesperetin Against Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Systematic Review of Non-Clinical Studies, Cancer Cell International (2025)
2. Microplastics Comprehensive Review: Impact on Honey Bee, Occurrence in Honey and Health Risk Evaluation, Journal of Applied Ecology (2025)
Experts (# of related papers)
Maryam Baeeri (1)