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Recent Advances in Tgf-Β Signaling Pathway in Covid-19 Pathogenesis: A Review Publisher Pubmed



Majidpour M1 ; Azizi SG1 ; Davodabadi F2 ; Sabeti Akbarabad M3 ; Abdollahi Z4 ; Sargazi S5 ; Shahriari H1
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
  5. 5. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

Source: Microbial Pathogenesis Published:2025


Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in approximately 7.0 million fatalities between 2019 and 2022, underscoring a pressing need for comprehensive research into its underlying mechanisms and therapeutic avenues. A distinctive feature of severe COVID-19 is the dysregulated immune response characterized by excessive activation of immune cells and the consequent cytokine storms. Recent advancements in our understanding of cellular signaling pathways have illuminated the role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) as a pivotal signaling molecule with significant implications for the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Emerging evidence reveals that TGF-β signaling, when activated by viral components or secondary pathways, adversely affects diverse cell types, particularly immune cells, and lung tissue, leading to complications such as pulmonary fibrosis. In our review article, we critically evaluate recent literature on the involvement of TGF-β signaling in the progression of COVID-19. We discuss a range of pharmacological interventions, including nintedanib, pirfenidone, corticosteroids, proton pump inhibitors, and histone deacetylase inhibitors, and their potential to modulate the TGF-β pathway in the context of COVID-19 treatment. Additionally, we explore ongoing clinical trials involving mesenchymal stem cells, low-dose radiation therapy, and artemisinin derivatives to assess their impact on TGF-β levels and subsequent clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. This review is particularly relevant at this juncture as the global health community continues to grapple with the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the urgent need for targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at TGF-β modulation to mitigate disease severity and improve patient outcomes. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
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