Covid-19 Pathology on Various Organs and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell-Based Interventions Publisher



Arjmand B¹ ; Alavimoghadam S¹ ; Parhizkar Roudsari P² ; Rezaeitavirani M³ ; Rahim F⁴ ; Gilany K^{5, 6, 7} ; Mohamadijahani F⁸ ; Adibi H⁹ ; Larijani B¹⁰ Show Affiliations
Source: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology Published:2021

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2, a novel betacoronavirus, has caused the global outbreak of a contagious infection named coronavirus disease-2019. Severely ill subjects have shown higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cytokine storm is the term that can be used for a systemic inflammation leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines and activation of immune cells. In coronavirus disease-2019 infection, a cytokine storm contributes to the mortality rate of the disease and can lead to multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome through auto-destructive responses of systemic inflammation. Direct effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome associated with infection as well as hyperinflammatory reactions are in association with disease complications. Besides acute respiratory distress syndrome, functional impairments of the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, kidneys, liver, and several others can be mentioned as the possible consequences. In addition to the current therapeutic approaches for coronavirus disease-2019, which are mostly supportive, stem cell-based therapies have shown the capacity for controlling the inflammation and attenuating the cytokine storm. Therefore, after a brief review of novel coronavirus characteristics, this review aims to explain the effects of coronavirus disease-2019 cytokine storm on different organs of the human body. The roles of stem cell-based therapies on attenuating cytokine release syndrome are also stated. © Copyright © 2021 Arjmand, Alavi-Moghadam, Parhizkar Roudsari, Rezaei-Tavirani, Rahim, Gilany, Mohamadi-Jahani, Adibi and Larijani.