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Examination of Sleep in Relation to Dietary and Lifestyle Behaviors During Ramadan: A Multi-National Study Using Structural Equation Modeling Among 24,500 Adults Amid Covid-19 Publisher



Khan MAB1 ; Bahammam AS2 ; Amanatullah A3 ; Obaideen K4 ; Arora T5 ; Ali H1 ; Ismail LC6 ; Abdelrahim DN7 ; Alhouqani M8 ; Allaham K9 ; Abdalrazeq R10 ; Aloweiwi WS11 ; Mim SS12 ; Mektebi A13, 34 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Khan MAB1
  2. Bahammam AS2
  3. Amanatullah A3
  4. Obaideen K4
  5. Arora T5
  6. Ali H1
  7. Ismail LC6
  8. Abdelrahim DN7
  9. Alhouqani M8
  10. Allaham K9
  11. Abdalrazeq R10
  12. Aloweiwi WS11
  13. Mim SS12
  14. Mektebi A13, 34
  15. Amiri S14
  16. Sulaiman SK15
  17. Javaid SF16
  18. Hawlader MDH17
  19. Tsigaahmed FI18
  20. Elbarazi I19
  21. Manggabarani S20
  22. Hunde GA21
  23. Chelli S22
  24. Mitra M23
  25. Faris ME6
  26. Udoyen AOA24
  27. Janem AM25
  28. Zayed AT26
  29. Skafi AJ27
  30. Elmoghazy AA28
  31. Nawaz AD29
  32. Alkaabi AJ30
  33. Sabri ANBM31
  34. Humanhoveidaei A32
  35. Attia AN33
  36. Zadjali AMA35
  37. Riahi A36
  38. Hadi AJ37
  39. Dubey AR38
  40. Iqbal A39
  41. Ali BJE40
  42. Jamal BYR41
  43. Hajjar BM42
  44. Madekwe CC43
  45. Purnamasari CB44, 45
  46. Saeed DQMA46
  47. Shah DM47
  48. Ibrahim D48
  49. Khadri D49
  50. Alfahdi EY50
  51. Mazrouei FA51, 52
  52. Radhi FM53
  53. Aljanabi FY53
  54. Zaabi FASA51, 52
  55. Hanifa FAM54
  56. Ridha FM55
  57. Momand FA56
  58. Hasan F57
  59. Gerges FM58
  60. Firmansyah FF59
  61. Wijaya FP60
  62. Nagy HB61
  63. Kiwan H62
  64. Din IKSE63
  65. Hasan IH64
  66. Samhouri JF65
  67. Sannah K62
  68. Rahman L66
  69. Munir M67
  70. Bendak M68
  71. Elsayed MS69
  72. Morgom MM70
  73. Alassadi MS71
  74. Gounni M72
  75. Aldafas MA73
  76. Jarrah MM74
  77. Shahrour M41
  78. Wardak ME75
  79. Pourfridoni M76
  80. Haider MZ77
  81. Chakir M78
  82. Abueissa MA79
  83. Shaban MAA80, 81
  84. Mohammed MMH82
  85. Ahmed MSE83
  86. Khan MD84
  87. Amer MS85
  88. Shah M86
  89. Ghenimi NG87
  90. Mahmood N88
  91. Afifi NM89
  92. Mahmood NO90
  93. Kanjo NA92
  94. Abughosh RZ91
  95. Yassa RR92
  96. Gizi RRTM93
  97. Heidarisoureshjani R94
  98. Riyaz R95
  99. Tareen R96
  100. Khan SA97
  101. Qureshi SK98
  102. Albadani SMAM46
  103. Ataallah SN99
  104. Alwatban SM100, 101, 102
  105. Kamal SM103
  106. Noori SUH104
  107. Okafor SJ105
  108. Lydia T106
  109. Habsi TAA107
  110. Ashok T108
  111. Benti TD109
  112. Ahmed WN110
  113. Giacaman YW111
  114. Kareem YA112
  115. Rabeea ZSA113

Source: Frontiers in Nutrition Published:2023


Abstract

Background: Of around 2 billion Muslims worldwide, approximately 1.5 billion observe Ramadan fasting (RF) month. Those that observe RF have diverse cultural, ethnic, social, and economic backgrounds and are distributed over a wide geographical area. Sleep is known to be significantly altered during the month of Ramadan, which has a profound impact on human health. Moreover, sleep is closely connected to dietary and lifestyle behaviors. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data using a structured, self-administered electronic questionnaire that was translated into 13 languages and disseminated to Muslim populations across 27 countries. The questionnaire assessed dietary and lifestyle factors as independent variables, and three sleep parameters (quality, duration, and disturbance) as dependent variables. We performed structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine how dietary and lifestyle factors affected these sleep parameters. Results: In total, 24,541 adults were enrolled in this study. SEM analysis revealed that during RF, optimum sleep duration (7–9 h) was significantly associated with sufficient physical activity (PA) and consuming plant-based proteins. In addition, smoking was significantly associated with greater sleep disturbance and lower sleep quality. Participants that consumed vegetables, fruits, dates, and plant-based proteins reported better sleep quality. Infrequent consumption of delivered food and infrequent screen time were also associated with better sleep quality. Conflicting results were found regarding the impact of dining at home versus dining out on the three sleep parameters. Conclusion: Increasing the intake of fruits, vegetables, and plant-based proteins are important factors that could help improve healthy sleep for those observing RF. In addition, regular PA and avoiding smoking may contribute to improving sleep during RF. Copyright © 2023 Khan, BaHammam, Amanatullah, Obaideen, Arora, Ali, Cheikh Ismail, Abdelrahim, Al-Houqani, Allaham, Abdalrazeq, Aloweiwi, Mim, Mektebi, Amiri, Sulaiman, Javaid, Hawlader, Tsiga-Ahmed, Elbarazi, Manggabarani, Hunde, Chelli, Sotoudeh, Faris and Ramadan Intermittent Fasting Collaborators.
2. Bibliometric Overview of Ramadan Fasting Studies During 2010–2021, Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews (2022)
3. Research Gaps in Ramadan Fasting Studies in Health and Disease, Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews (2021)
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