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Trends in Hiv/Aids Morbidity and Mortality in Eastern Mediterranean Countries, 1990–2015: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study Publisher Pubmed



Mokdad AH1 ; El Bcheraoui C1 ; Wang H1 ; Khalil I1 ; Afshin A1 ; Collison M1 ; Daoud F1 ; Chew A1 ; Krohn KJ1 ; Carter A1 ; Foreman KJ1, 2 ; He F1 ; Kassebaum NJ1, 3 ; Kutz M1 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Mokdad AH1
  2. El Bcheraoui C1
  3. Wang H1
  4. Khalil I1
  5. Afshin A1
  6. Collison M1
  7. Daoud F1
  8. Chew A1
  9. Krohn KJ1
  10. Carter A1
  11. Foreman KJ1, 2
  12. He F1
  13. Kassebaum NJ1, 3
  14. Kutz M1
  15. Mirarefin M1, 4
  16. Nguyen G1
  17. Silpakit N1
  18. Sligar A1
  19. Larson HJ1, 5
  20. Vollset SE1, 6, 7
  21. Vos T1
  22. Hay SI1, 8
  23. Naghavi M1
  24. Murray CJL1
  25. Rawaf DL9, 10, 11
  26. Rawaf S2
  27. Charara R12
  28. Moradilakeh M13
  29. Abajobir AA14
  30. Abate KH15
  31. Gebrehiwot TT15
  32. Gesesew HA15
  33. Wakayo T15
  34. Workicho A15, 16
  35. Abbas KM17
  36. Abdallah F18
  37. Abera SF19, 20
  38. Adane K21
  39. Agarwal A22, 23
  40. Kiadaliri AA24
  41. Ahmadi A25
  42. Ahmed MB26
  43. Al Lami FH27
  44. Alam K28, 29, 30, 146
  45. Mekonnen AB30, 31, 48, 146
  46. Alasfoor D32
  47. Alizadehnavaei R33
  48. Almaskari F34
  49. Alraddadi R35
  50. Altirkawi KA36
  51. Sobaih BHA36
  52. Temsah MH36
  53. Alvisguzman N37
  54. Ammar W38
  55. Harb HL38
  56. Anber N39
  57. Antonio CAT40
  58. Anwari P41
  59. Asayesh H42
  60. Asghar RJ43
  61. Atey TM44
  62. Hailu GB44, 45
  63. Mezgebe HB44
  64. Yalew AZ44
  65. Arthur Avokpaho EFG46, 47
  66. Ayele TA31, 48
  67. Tesssema B31, 48
  68. Azzopardi P49, 50, 51, 52
  69. Bacha U53
  70. Barac A54
  71. Barnighausen T55, 56, 57
  72. Bazarganhejazi S58, 59
  73. Bedi N60, 91
  74. Bensenor IM61
  75. Berhane A62
  76. Bessong PO63
  77. Beyene AS64
  78. Bhutta ZA65, 66
  79. Birungi C67
  80. Bidgoli HH67
  81. Butt ZA68
  82. Cahuanahurtado L69
  83. Danawi H70
  84. Neves J71, 72
  85. Deribe K73, 74
  86. Deribew A75, 76
  87. Des Jarlais DC77, 78
  88. Dharmaratne SD79
  89. Djalalinia S80
  90. Doyle KE81, 82
  91. Endries AY83
  92. Shifa GT83, 84
  93. Hareri HA84
  94. Kassaw NA84
  95. Woldu MA84
  96. Eshrati B85, 86
  97. Faraon EJA87, 88
  98. Farvid MS89, 90
  99. Feyissa TR92
  100. Tekelab T92, 93
  101. Fischer F94
  102. Garciabasteiro AL95
  103. Gishu MD97, 98
  104. Glaser E99
  105. Gona PN100
  106. Gugnani HC101
  107. Gupta R102
  108. Hamadeh RR103
  109. Hambisa MT104
  110. Mengesha MM104
  111. Roba HS104
  112. Hamidi S105
  113. Horita N106
  114. Husseini A107
  115. Ibrahim A108
  116. James SL109
  117. Jonas JB110
  118. Kasaeian A111, 112
  119. Khader YS113
  120. Khan EA114
  121. Khan G115
  122. Khoja ATA116
  123. Khubchandani J117
  124. Kim YJ118
  125. Koyanagi A119
  126. Defo BK120, 121
  127. Latif AA122
  128. Leshargie CT123
  129. Tegegne TK123
  130. Lunevicius R124, 125
  131. El Razek MMA126
  132. Majdzadeh R127
  133. Majeed A128
  134. Malekzadeh R129
  135. Roshandel G129, 130
  136. Sepanlou SG129
  137. Manyazewal T131
  138. Markos D132
  139. Farid HM133
  140. Mehari A134
  141. Memiah P135
  142. Memish ZA136, 137
  143. Mendoza W138
  144. Mengistu DT139
  145. Mhimbira FA140
  146. Miller TR141, 142
  147. Moore AR143
  148. Mumtaz GR144
  149. Natarajan G145
  150. Negin J30, 146
  151. Obermeyer CM147
  152. Ogbo FA148
  153. Oh IH149
  154. Ota E150
  155. Pereira DM151
  156. Pourmalek F152
  157. Qorbani M153
  158. Radfar A154
  159. Rafay A155, 156
  160. Rahimimovaghar V157
  161. Salamati P157
  162. Rai RK158
  163. Ram U159
  164. Renzaho AMN160
  165. Rezaei S161
  166. Rezai MS162
  167. Safdarian M163
  168. Safiri S164
  169. Sahraian MA165
  170. Samy AM166
  171. Sartorius B167, 168
  172. Shaikh MA169
  173. Shamsizadeh M170
  174. Sibamo ELS171
  175. Wadilo F171
  176. Workie SB171
  177. Singh JA172
  178. Soshnikov S173
  179. Sufiyan MB174
  180. Sykes BL175
  181. Taveira N176, 177
  182. Tehranibanihashemi A178
  183. Topormadry R179, 180
  184. Ukwaja KN181
  185. Uthman OA182
  186. Yaghoubi M183
  187. Yimam HH184
  188. Yonemoto N185
  189. Yoon SJ186
  190. Yotebieng M187
  191. Younis MZ188
  192. Zaki MES189
  193. Jumaan AO190
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  2. 2. Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  3. 3. Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
  4. 4. Hunger Action Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  5. 5. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  6. 6. Center for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
  7. 7. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  8. 8. Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  9. 9. WHO Collaborating Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  10. 10. North Hampshire Hospitals, Basingstroke, United Kingdom
  11. 11. University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
  12. 12. American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  13. 13. Department of Community Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  14. 14. School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  15. 15. Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  16. 16. Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
  17. 17. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
  18. 18. Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  19. 19. School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  20. 20. Food Security and Institute for Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
  21. 21. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  22. 22. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  23. 23. McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  24. 24. Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  25. 25. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  26. 26. College of Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  27. 27. Baghdad College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
  28. 28. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
  29. 29. The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  30. 30. The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  31. 31. University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  32. 32. Ministry of Health, Al Khuwair, Oman
  33. 33. Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  34. 34. College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates
  35. 35. Joint Program of Family and Community Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  36. 36. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  37. 37. Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
  38. 38. Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
  39. 39. Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  40. 40. Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  41. 41. Kabul, Afghanistan
  42. 42. Department of Medical Emergency, School of Paramedic, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
  43. 43. South Asian Public Health Forum, Islamabad, Pakistan
  44. 44. Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  45. 45. Kilte Awlaelo Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  46. 46. Institut de Recherche Clinique du Benin (IRCB), Cotonou, Benin
  47. 47. Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherche-Action en Sante (LERAS Afrique), Parakou, Benin
  48. 48. University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  49. 49. Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  50. 50. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  51. 51. Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  52. 52. Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  53. 53. School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  54. 54. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  55. 55. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  56. 56. Africa Health Research Institute, Mtubatuba, South Africa
  57. 57. Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  58. 58. College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  59. 59. David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  60. 60. College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  61. 61. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  62. 62. College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  63. 63. University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
  64. 64. College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  65. 65. Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  66. 66. Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
  67. 67. University College London, London, United Kingdom
  68. 68. Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  69. 69. National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  70. 70. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, United States
  71. 71. I3SInstituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em Saude, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  72. 72. INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomedica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  73. 73. Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
  74. 74. School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  75. 75. Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  76. 76. KEMRIWellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
  77. 77. Mount Sinai Beth Israel, NY, United States
  78. 78. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
  79. 79. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
  80. 80. Undersecretary for Research & Technology, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  81. 81. RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
  82. 82. Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  83. 83. Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  84. 84. Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  85. 85. Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  86. 86. Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  87. 87. College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  88. 88. Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
  89. 89. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  90. 90. Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  91. 91. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  92. 92. Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
  93. 93. University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
  94. 94. School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
  95. 95. Manhica Health Research Center, Manhica Maputo Mozambique
  96. 96. Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
  97. 97. Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
  98. 98. Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Harar, Ethiopia
  99. 99. Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
  100. 100. University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
  101. 101. Departments of Microbiology and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Saint James School of Medicine, The Quarter, Anguilla
  102. 102. West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston, WV, United States
  103. 103. Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
  104. 104. College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  105. 105. Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  106. 106. Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Japan
  107. 107. Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
  108. 108. Alshaab Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan
  109. 109. Denver Health/University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States
  110. 110. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
  111. 111. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  112. 112. Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  113. 113. Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
  114. 114. Health Services Academy, Punjab, Islamabad, Pakistan
  115. 115. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  116. 116. Mohammed Ibn Saudi University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  117. 117. Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States
  118. 118. Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Southern University College, Skudai, Malaysia
  119. 119. Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
  120. 120. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  121. 121. Department of Demography and Public Health Research Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
  122. 122. Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
  123. 123. Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  124. 124. Aintree University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  125. 125. School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  126. 126. Aswan University Hospital, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt
  127. 127. Knowledge Utilization Research Center and Community Based Participatory Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  128. 128. Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  129. 129. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  130. 130. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  131. 131. Ethiopian Public Health Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  132. 132. Madda Walabu University, Robe, Ethiopia
  133. 133. State Welfare Organisation, Tehran, Iran
  134. 134. College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
  135. 135. University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, United States
  136. 136. Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  137. 137. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, South Africa
  138. 138. United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru
  139. 139. College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  140. 140. Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
  141. 141. Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton, MD, United States
  142. 142. Centre for Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  143. 143. University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
  144. 144. Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Meicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
  145. 145. Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
  146. 146. The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  147. 147. Center for Research on Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  148. 148. Centre for Health Research, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  149. 149. Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
  150. 150. St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo, Japan
  151. 151. REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
  152. 152. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  153. 153. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  154. 154. A T Still University, Kirksville, MO, United States
  155. 155. Contech International Health Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan
  156. 156. Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan
  157. 157. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  158. 158. Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, India
  159. 159. International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
  160. 160. Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
  161. 161. School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  162. 162. Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  163. 163. Sina Trauma & Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  164. 164. Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  165. 165. MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  166. 166. Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  167. 167. School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  168. 168. UKZN Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Centre, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Durban, South Africa
  169. 169. Karachi, Pakistan
  170. 170. Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  171. 171. Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  172. 172. University of Alabama, Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
  173. 173. Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
  174. 174. Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  175. 175. Departments of Criminology, Law & Society, Sociology, and Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
  176. 176. Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude Egas Moniz, Almada, Portugal
  177. 177. Faulty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
  178. 178. Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  179. 179. Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
  180. 180. Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
  181. 181. Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  182. 182. Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  183. 183. School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
  184. 184. Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
  185. 185. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
  186. 186. Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
  187. 187. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
  188. 188. Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
  189. 189. Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  190. 190. Seattle, WA, United States

Source: International Journal of Public Health Published:2018


Abstract

Objectives: We used the results of the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study to estimate trends of HIV/AIDS burden in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries between 1990 and 2015. Methods: Tailored estimation methods were used to produce final estimates of mortality. Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated by multiplying the mortality rate by population by age-specific life expectancy. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were computed as the prevalence of a sequela multiplied by its disability weight. Results: In 2015, the rate of HIV/AIDS deaths in the EMR was 1.8 (1.4–2.5) per 100,000 population, a 43% increase from 1990 (0.3; 0.2–0.8). Consequently, the rate of YLLs due to HIV/AIDS increased from 15.3 (7.6–36.2) per 100,000 in 1990 to 81.9 (65.3–114.4) in 2015. The rate of YLDs increased from 1.3 (0.6–3.1) in 1990 to 4.4 (2.7–6.6) in 2015. Conclusions: HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality increased in the EMR since 1990. To reverse this trend and achieve epidemic control, EMR countries should strengthen HIV surveillance, and scale up HIV antiretroviral therapy and comprehensive prevention services. © 2017, The Author(s).
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