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Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Addiction Publisher



Ekhtiari H1, 2 ; Sangchooli A3 ; Carmichael O4 ; Moeller FG5 ; Odonnell P6, 7 ; Oquendo MA8 ; Paulus MP2 ; Pizzagalli DA9, 10 ; Ramey T11 ; Schacht JP12 ; Zarebidoky M13 ; Childress AR8 ; Brady K14
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
  2. 2. Laureate Institute for Brain Research (LIBR), Tulsa, OK, United States
  3. 3. School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  4. 4. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
  5. 5. Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
  6. 6. Translational Medicine, Sage Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States
  7. 7. Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States
  8. 8. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  9. 9. Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
  10. 10. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
  11. 11. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States
  12. 12. Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
  13. 13. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  14. 14. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States

Source: Nature Mental Health Published:2024


Abstract

As a neurobiological process, addiction involves pathological patterns of engagement with substances and a range of behaviors with a chronic and relapsing course. Neuroimaging technologies assess brain activity, structure, physiology, and metabolism at scales ranging from neurotransmitter receptors to large-scale brain networks, providing unique windows into the core neural processes implicated in substance use disorders. Identified aberrations in the neural substrates of reward and salience processing, response inhibition, interoception, and executive functions with neuroimaging can inform the development of pharmacological, neuromodulatory, and psychotherapeutic interventions to modulate the disordered neurobiology. Closed- or open-loop interventions can integrate these biomarkers with neuromodulation in real time or offline to personalize stimulation parameters and deliver precise intervention. This Analysis provides an overview of neuroimaging modalities in addiction medicine, potential neuroimaging biomarkers, and their physiologic and clinical relevance. Future directions and challenges in bringing these putative biomarkers from the bench to the bedside are also discussed. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. 2024.
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