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Association Between Baltic Sea Diet and Healthy Nordic Diet Index With Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Case–Control Study Publisher Pubmed



Rasoulizadeh Z1 ; Namazi A2 ; Sohouli MH3, 4 ; Rohani P4 ; Hekmatdoost A5 ; Hosseinzadeh M6
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Hazrat-E Rasool General Hospital, Iran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 7, West Arghavan St, Farahzadi Blvd, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran
  4. 4. Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children′s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

Source: Scientific Reports Published:2024


Abstract

Recent evidence shows the beneficial effects of Baltic Sea diet score (BSDS) and healthy Nordic diet index (HNDI) on chronic diseases, however, there is no evidence to investigate them on the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between BSDS and HNDI with the risk of NAFLD. In this case–control study, 552 people in good health and 340 people with NAFLD over the age of 18 took part. The evaluation of BSDS and HNDI employed a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Binary logistic regression was used to determine how OBS and NAFLD are related. The mean BSDS and HNDI were 16.00 ± 2.49 and 11.99 ± 2.61, respectively. The final model's confounder adjustment revealed that greater HNDI adherence scores gave protection against the occurrence of NAFLD (odds ratio [OR]: 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.18–0.98; P for trend = 0.043). In addition, those with the highest BSDS scores had significantly lower risks of developing NAFLD compared to subjects with the lowest scores (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.32–0.89; p for trend = 0.003). Our findings showed that following a healthy Nordic diet can significantly prevent the risk of developing NAFLD, and suggest that the highly nutritious components of the Nordic diet are beneficial for the prevention of NAFLD. © The Author(s) 2024.
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