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Association of Diet Quality Scores With Risk of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Iranian Population: A Nested Case-Control Study Publisher



Taheri E1 ; Yilmaz Y2 ; Ghorat F3 ; Moslem A4 ; Zali MR5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkiye
  3. 3. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  5. 5. Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Published:2025


Abstract

Background and aim: A healthy diet has been recommended for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aim to investigate the associations of diet quality indices with the risk of developingmetabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Methods: We conducted this nested case-control study by recruiting 968 cases with MAFLD and 964 controls from the participants of the baseline phase of the Sabzevar Persian Cohort Study (SPCS). MAFLD was defined as having a fatty liver index ≥ 60 plus at least one of the following: overweight or obese, Type II diabetes mellitus, or evidence of metabolic dysregulation. Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) were calculated from a validated food frequency questionnaire. We estimated the associations of HEI-2015 and AHEI-2010 with MAFLD risk using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among those in the highest relative to the lowest quintile of HEI-2015 and AHEI-2010, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) were 0.45 (95% CI [confidence interval] 0.29–0.69; Ptrend = 0.002) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.35–0.85; Ptrend = 0.04), respectively. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that there is a significant associationbetween adherence to a healthy diet, indicated by a higher score of HEI or AHEI, and a reduced likelihood of developingMAFLD. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2024.
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