Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Adherence to a Paleolithic Diet in Combination With Lifestyle Factors Reduces the Risk for the Presence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Case-Control Study Publisher



Sohouli MH1 ; Fatahi S2 ; Izze Da Silva Magalhaes E3 ; Rodrigues De Oliveira B3 ; Rohani P4 ; Ezoddin N4 ; Roshan MM5 ; Hekmatdoost A6
Authors
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Postgraduate Programme in Collective Health, Federal University of Maranhao, Sao Luis, Brazil
  4. 4. Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Frontiers in Nutrition Published:2022


Abstract

Background: Evidence suggests the role of changing traditional lifestyle patterns, such as Paleolithic, to the modern lifestyle in the incidence and epidemic of chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between the Paleolithic diet (PD) and the Paleolithic-like lifestyle and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among an adult population. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out among 206 patients with NAFLD and 306 healthy subjects aged >18 years. PD score was evaluated using a validated 168-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire. In addition, to calculate the Paleolithic-like lifestyle score, the components of physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status of the participants were combined with the score of the PD. Results: The mean PD and Paleolithic-like lifestyle scores were 38.11 ± 5.63 and 48.92 ± 6.45, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, higher scores of adherence to the PD diet conferred a protection for the presence of NAFLD [odds ratio (OR): 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28–0.98; P for trend = 0.021]. Furthermore, PD and healthy lifestyle habits were negatively associated with NAFLD (OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.23–0.78; P for trend = 0.007). Conclusion: Our data suggest that the PD alone and in combination with lifestyle factors was associated with decreased risk of NAFLD in a significant manner in the overall population. However, prospective studies are needed to further investigate this association. Copyright © 2022 Sohouli, Fatahi, Izze da Silva Magalhaes, Rodrigues de Oliveira, Rohani, Ezoddin, Roshan and Hekmatdoost.
Related Docs
View other Related Docs
1. Adherence to Oxidative Balance Scores and Lower Odds of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Case–Control Study, Scientific Reports (2023)
2. The Association Between Major Dietary Patterns With the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Parameters: A Case–Control Study, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2022)
3. Advancing the Global Public Health Agenda for Nafld: A Consensus Statement, Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2022)
4. Which Dietary Patterns Fend Off Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? a Systematic Review of Observational and Interventional Studies, BMC Nutrition (2024)
5. The Association Between Dietary Diversity Score and Odds of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Case-Control Study, European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2022)
6. The Association of the Healthy Food Diversity Index With the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among the Adult Population, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN (2024)
7. Sodium in Relation With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies, Food Science and Nutrition (2022)
8. Association Between Baltic Sea Diet and Healthy Nordic Diet Index With Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Case–Control Study, Scientific Reports (2024)
Experts (# of related papers)
View all Related Experts
Hossein Poustchi (4)
Pejman Rohani (3)
Other Related Docs
9. Exploring the Link Between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Nafld Through a Structural Equation Modeling Approach, Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition (2024)
10. Legume Intake and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Indian Journal of Gastroenterology (2019)
11. The Association Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Corrected Qt Interval Prolongation Among Generally Healthy Iranian Population: Fasa Cohort Study (Facs), Clinical Cardiology (2023)
12. Effect of a Moderately Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet on Liver Enzymes, Steatosis and Fibrosis in Normal-Weight Individuals With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Study Protocol for a Parallel Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial, BMJ Open (2023)
13. Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Metabolic (Dysfunction)-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Its Complications: A Comprehensive Review, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN (2025)
14. A Randomized Triple-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluation of Sitagliptin in the Treatment of Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases Without Diabetes, Frontiers in Medicine (2022)
15. Combination of Metformin and Genistein Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice, Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry (2021)
16. The Association of Fructose and Fiber Consumption and Physical Activity With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study, BMC Nutrition (2024)
17. The Association Between Total, Animal, and Plant Protein Intake and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents, Nutrition Journal (2025)
18. Weight Loss Breaks the Bond Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Clinical and Epidemiological Perspective, Obesity Reviews (2023)
19. Effects of Sumac (Rhus Coriaria) on Lipid Profile, Leptin and Steatosis in Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial, Journal of Herbal Medicine (2022)
20. Role of Gut-Liver Axis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Iranian Biomedical Journal (2025)
21. Effects of Naringenin Supplementation in Overweight/Obese Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Study Protocol for a Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial, Trials (2021)
22. Can Following Paleolithic and Mediterranean Diets Reduce the Risk of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study on Iranian Women, Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism (2023)
23. Lipid Accumulation Product (Lap) Index for the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Nafld): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Lipids in Health and Disease (2023)
24. Fibrosis Score 4 Index Has an Independent Relationship With Coronary Artery Diseases in Patients With Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome (2023)
25. Associations Between Ultra-Processed Foods and Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study, Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology (2025)
26. Prevalence and Characteristics of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Among an Iranian Adult Population With Ethnic and Genetic Diversity: Results of the Polyiran-Liver Study, Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases (2024)
27. Inflammatory Markers May Mediate the Relationship Between Processed Meat Consumption and Metabolic Unhealthy Obesity in Women: A Cross Sectional Study, Scientific Reports (2023)
28. Emerging Role of Nanotechnology in Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Nafld), EXCLI Journal (2023)
29. Covid-19 and Mafld/Nafld: An Updated Review, Frontiers in Medicine (2023)
30. The Mind (Mediterranean-Dash Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) and Mediterranean Diets Are Differently Associated With Psychosomatic Complaints Profile in Adults: Results From Sepahan Cross-Sectional Study, Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism (2020)