Bias Toward Drug-Related Stimuli Is Affected by Loading Working Memory in Abstinent Ex-Methamphetamine Users

Bias Toward Drug-Related Stimuli Is Affected by Loading Working Memory in Abstinent Ex-Methamphetamine Users Publisher

Deldar Z¹ ; Ekhtiari H^{1, 2} ; Pouretemad HR³ ; Khatibi A^{4, 5}

Show Affiliations

1. Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
2. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3. Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences (ICBS), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
4. Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
5. Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States

Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry Published:2019

Abstract

Background: There is a trade-off between drug-related impulsive process and cognitive reflective process among ex-drug abusers. The present study aimed to investigate the impulsive effects of methamphetamine-related stimuli on working memory (WM) performance by manipulating WM load in abstinent ex-methamphetamine users. Methods: Thirty abstinent ex-methamphetamine users and 30 nonaddict matched control participants were recruited in this study. We used a modified Sternberg task in which participants were instructed to memorize three different sets of methamphetamine-related and non–drug-related words (three, five, or seven words) while performing a secondary attention-demanding task as an interference. Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that reaction times of abstinent ex-methamphetamine users increased during low WM load (three words) compared to the control group (p = 0.01). No significant differences were observed during high WM loads (five or seven words) (both p’s > 0.1). Besides, reaction times of the experimental group during trials with high interference (three, five, or seven words) were not significantly different compared to the control group (p > 0.2). Conclusion: These findings imply that increasing WM load may provide an efficient buffer against attentional capture by salient stimuli (i.e., methamphetamine-related words). This buffer might modify the effect of interference bias. Besides, presenting methamphetamine-related stimuli might facilitate the encoding phase due to bias toward task-relevant stimuli. This finding has an important implication, suggesting that performing concurrent demanding tasks may reduce the power of salient stimuli and thus improve the efficiency of emotional regulation strategies. © Copyright © 2019 Deldar, Ekhtiari, Pouretemad and Khatibi.

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Deldar Z, et al.. "Bias Toward Drug-Related Stimuli Is Affected by Loading Working Memory in Abstinent Ex-Methamphetamine Users." Frontiers in Psychiatry, vol. 10, no. , 2019, pp. -.
APA	Deldar Z, Ekhtiari H, Pouretemad HR, Khatibi A (2019). Bias Toward Drug-Related Stimuli Is Affected by Loading Working Memory in Abstinent Ex-Methamphetamine Users. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10(), -.
Chicago	Deldar Z, Ekhtiari H, Pouretemad HR, Khatibi A. "Bias Toward Drug-Related Stimuli Is Affected by Loading Working Memory in Abstinent Ex-Methamphetamine Users." Frontiers in Psychiatry 10, no. (2019): -.
Harvard	Deldar Z et al. (2019) 'Bias Toward Drug-Related Stimuli Is Affected by Loading Working Memory in Abstinent Ex-Methamphetamine Users', Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10(), pp. -.
Vancouver	Deldar Z, Ekhtiari H, Pouretemad HR, Khatibi A. Bias Toward Drug-Related Stimuli Is Affected by Loading Working Memory in Abstinent Ex-Methamphetamine Users. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2019;10():-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Deldar Z and Ekhtiari H and Pouretemad HR and Khatibi A}, title = {Bias Toward Drug-Related Stimuli Is Affected by Loading Working Memory in Abstinent Ex-Methamphetamine Users}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {-}, year = {2019} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Deldar Z AU - Ekhtiari H AU - Pouretemad HR AU - Khatibi A TI - Bias Toward Drug-Related Stimuli Is Affected by Loading Working Memory in Abstinent Ex-Methamphetamine Users JO - Frontiers in Psychiatry VL - 10 IS - SP - EP - PY - 2019 ER -

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