Diet, Glutathione S-Transferases M1 and T1 Gene Polymorphisms and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies Publisher Pubmed



Karimi E¹ ; Abbasnezhad S¹ ; Zeraattalabmotlagh S² ; Amiri Khosroshahi R^{3, 4} ; Behafarin SR⁵ ; Mohammadi H⁴ ; Yaghmaie M⁶ Show Affiliations
Source: British Journal of Nutrition Published:2025

Abstract

Understanding the correlation between genes and diet holds significance in formulating tailored nutritional guidance and enhancing public health initiatives. Consequently, a thorough examination is undertaken to clarify the interplay between varying nutrient intake, glutathione S-transferases Mu1 and Theta 1 (GSTM1 & T1) gene variants and susceptibility to cancer development. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive search on MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases up to 30 April 2023. The review included observational studies that explored the relationship between dietary consumption of acrylamide, fruits, vegetables, plant-based foods, total meat, red meat, coffee and green tea, as well as the presence of GSTM1 and T1 gene polymorphisms, and the risk of cancer in adult populations. The review findings indicated that high levels of risk factors, particularly red meat, have been linked to a higher chance of developing colorectal cancer risk among individuals with the GSTM1 null genotype. In contrast, heightened levels of protective factors, such as cruciferous vegetables, green tea, coffee and fruit, have been associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer, adult leukaemia, cutaneous melanoma and lung cancer in individuals exhibiting GST polymorphisms. There is a scarcity of comprehensive studies examining different types of cancer due to various dietary patterns and genetic variations. Research has illuminated the complex interplay among dietary factors, gene polymorphisms and cancer risk, further comprehensive studies are needed to understand and validate these findings fully. More robust investigations across diverse populations are crucial to developing personalised nutritional interventions and strengthening public health strategies. © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society.