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Effects of Low Glycemic Index/High-Fat, High-Calorie Diet on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profiles of Children and Adolescence With Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial Publisher Pubmed



Gorji Z1 ; Modaresi M2 ; Yekanninejad S3 ; Mahmoudi M1, 4, 5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Pediatric Pulmonary Disease and Sleep Medicine Research Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Dietetics and Nutrition Experts Team (DiNET), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

Source: Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews Published:2020


Abstract

Purpose: Low glycemic index diets seem to be potentially effective to improve glycemic control and reduce lipid profiles. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of a low glycemic index/high fat, high-calorie diet on glycemic status and lipid profiles of patients with cystic fibrosis. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 44 children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis were randomized to receive for three months either a high fat, high-calorie diet (n = 22) or a low glycemic index/high fat, high-calorie diet (n = 22) with similar calorie and macronutrients composition. Patients in high fat, high-calorie diet arm were allowed to use all sources of carbohydrates with different glycaemic indices; whereas those in another arm consumed carbohydrates from low glycemic index sources. Serum levels of lipid profiles (triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol), insulin, fasting blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin were measured at baseline and after the intervention. Results: Between-group differences were significant only for fasting blood glucose (P < 0.001). However, fasting blood glucose (P = 0.003) and glycated hemoglobin (P = 0.002) significantly decreased after the intervention in the low glycemic index group, while in another group a significant increase in fasting blood glucose (P = 0.038) and triglyceride (P = 0.004) was found. No significant within-group differences were observed in other variables in both groups. Conclusions: It seems that adherence to a low glycemic index/high fat, high-calorie diet can improve glycemic indices in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis compared to the high fat, high-calorie diet. Trial registration: IRCT2017102325267N5. © 2020 Diabetes India
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