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Serum Tlr2 and S100b in Substance Abuse: A Clinical Perspective Publisher



Mostafazadeh B1 ; Ramezani M2 ; Simani L3 ; Shadnia S1 ; Abbaszadeh F4 ; Erfantalab Evini P1 ; Monjazeb S5 ; Rahimi M1 ; Pakdaman H6 ; Maghsudloo F6
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Toxicological Research Center, School of Medicine, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Behehsti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
  4. 4. Department of Neurology, Neurobiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Lohman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Neurology, Brain Mapping Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Published:2025


Abstract

Background: Substance abuse leads to blood-brain barrier dysfunction and activation of neuro-inflammatory pathways. However, the contribution of serum levels of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) to neuropsychological outcomes has not been clearly established. This study aims to explore the relationship between TLR-2 and S100B serum concentrations in individuals with substance abuse and their potential influence on neuropsychological results, specifically regarding the functioning of the frontal lobe. Methods: This study involved 28 individuals who were diagnosed with substance abuse at Loghman Hakim Hospital’s Toxicology Unit in 2022. Serum TLR-2 concentration and S100B levels, as neuroinflammatory markers, and the frontal assessment battery (FAB), as executive function markers, were measured. Results: Substance abuse patients exhibited elevated levels of both TLR-2 and S100B. In drug addicts, a strong positive relationship was detected between serum levels of TLR-2 and S100B (r=0.742, P=0.0021) levels. Nevertheless, no significant relationship was found between FAB scores and serum concentrations of S100B and TLR-2. Conclusion: This study reveals increased serum TLR-2 and S100B levels in individuals with substance abuse. However, these elevated levels did not appear to be associated with risk factors related to substance abuse or frontal lobe function. Copyright © 2025 The Author(s)
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