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Potential Biomarkers of Addiction Identified by Real-Time Pcr in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes: A Narrative Review Publisher Pubmed



Nazari S1 ; Pourmand SM2 ; Makki SM3 ; Brand S4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ; Vousooghi N9, 10, 11
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
  2. 2. Addiction Department, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1445613111, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran
  4. 4. Center for Affective-Stress- and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
  5. 5. Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714869914, Iran
  6. 6. Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714869914, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Sport Exercise and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel, Basel, 4052, Switzerland
  8. 8. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
  10. 10. Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 13337159140, Iran
  11. 11. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1336616357, Iran

Source: Biomarkers in Medicine Published:2022


Abstract

Addiction-related neurobiological factors could be considered as potential biomarkers. The concentration of peripheral biomarkers in tissues like blood lymphocytes may mirror their brain levels. This review is focused on the mRNA expression of potential addiction biomarkers in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched using the keywords addiction', biomarker', peripheral blood lymphocyte', gene expression' and real-time PCR'. The results showed the alterations in the regulation of genes such as dopamine receptors, opioid receptors, NMDA receptors, cannabinoid receptors, α-synuclein, DYN, MAO-A, FosB and orexin-A as PBLs biomarkers in addiction stages. Such variations could also be found during abstinence and relapse. PBLs biomarkers may help in drug development and have clinical implications. © 2022 Future Medicine Ltd.
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