Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-Csf): An Emerging Therapeutic Approach for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Als) Publisher Pubmed



Vafaei Mastanabad M¹ ; Nooraei A² ; Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei MS³ ; Akbari Fakhrabadi A⁴ ; Jafarzadeh F⁵
Source: Acta Neurologica Belgica Published:2023

Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal degeneration and inflammation in the nerves. G-CSF is a 19.6-kDa hematopoietic growth factor which is essential for the proliferation and differentiation of granulocyte hematopoietic progenitors. G-CSF exerts neuroprotective activities by induction of neuronal regeneration, inhibition of neuronal apoptosis, mobilization of Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), regulation of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and activation of angiogenesis. Pre-clinical studies have shown significant efficacy of G-CSF therapy in mSOD1G93A mice models. G-CSF treatments were able to increase the survival of mice. However, clinical studies on ALS patients failed to clone pre-clinical results. Considering the potential role of G-CSF in nervous system regeneration, this study aimed to comprehensively review the clinical and pre-clinical studies addressing G-CSF in ALS treatment. © 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Belgian Neurological Society.