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The Effects of Prolactin on the Immune System, Its Relationship With the Severity of Covid-19, and Its Potential Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Effect Publisher Pubmed



Rasmi Y1 ; Jalali L1 ; Khalid S2 ; Shokati A3, 4 ; Tyagi P5 ; Ozturk A6 ; Nasimfar A7
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University 34083, Cibali Campus Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
  3. 3. Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  6. 6. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Health Sciences University, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
  7. 7. Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

Source: Cytokine Published:2023


Abstract

Prolactin (PRL) is an endocrine hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that has a variety of physiological effects, including milk production, immune system regulation, and anti-inflammatory effects. Elevated levels of PRL have been found in several viral infections, including 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), a viral pathogen that has recently spread worldwide. PRL production is increased in SARS-CoV2 infection. While PRL can trigger the production of proinflammatory cytokines, it also has several anti-inflammatory effects that can reduce hyperinflammation. The exact mechanism of PRL's contribution to the severity of COVID-19 is unknown. The purpose of this review is to discuss the interaction between PRL and SARS-CoV2 infection and its possible association with the severity of COVID-19. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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