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Covid-19 Associated Mucormycosis Surge: A Review on Multi-Pathway Mechanisms Publisher Pubmed



Pourazizi M1 ; Hakamifard A2 ; Peyman A1 ; Mohammadi R3 ; Dehghani S4 ; Tavousi N5 ; Hosseini NS5 ; Azhdari Tehrani H6 ; Abtahinaeini B7, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Isfahan Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  4. 4. Farabi Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Pediatric Dermatology Division of Department of Pediatrics, Imam Hossein Children's Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  8. 8. Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Parasite Immunology Published:2024


Abstract

Mucormycosis is a fungal infection caused by moulds from the Mucorales order. Concerns have been mounting due to the alarming increase in severe morbidity and mortality associated with mucormycosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. This condition, known as COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM), has been linked to various environmental, host-related, and medical factors on a global scale. We have categorized the most significant potential risk factors for developing mucormycosis in individuals with a previous history of coronavirus infection into 10 major categories. These categories include acute hyperglycemia, the impact of cytokine release, immune response deficiencies in COVID-19 patients, microvasculopathy and dysfunction of endothelial cells, imbalances in iron metabolism, metabolic acidosis, organ damage resulting from COVID-19, underlying health conditions (such as diabetes), environmental factors, and medical treatments that can be iatrogenic in nature (such as inappropriate glucocorticoid use). Many of these factors can lead to potentially life-threatening infections that can complicate the treatment of COVID-19. Physicians should be vigilant about these factors because early detection of mucormycosis is crucial for effective management of this condition. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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