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Exosomes, Autophagy and Er Stress Pathways in Human Diseases: Cross-Regulation and Therapeutic Approaches Publisher Pubmed



Jahangiri B1 ; Saei AK1 ; Obi PO2, 3, 4 ; Asghari N1 ; Lorzadeh S5 ; Hekmatirad S6 ; Rahmati M7 ; Velayatipour F1 ; Asghari MH6 ; Saleem A2, 3, 4 ; Moosavi MA1
Authors

Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease Published:2022


Abstract

Exosomal release pathway and autophagy together maintain homeostasis and survival of cells under stressful conditions. Autophagy is a catabolic process through which cell entities, such as malformed biomacromolecules and damaged organelles, are degraded and recycled via the lysosomal-dependent pathway. Exosomes, a sub-type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) formed by the inward budding of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), are mostly involved in mediating communication between cells. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive response that is activated to sustain survival in the cells faced with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through a complex network that involves protein synthesis, exosomes secretion and autophagy. Disruption of the critical crosstalk between EVs, UPR and autophagy may be implicated in various human diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, yet the molecular mechanism(s) behind the coordination of these communication pathways remains obscure. Here, we review the available information on the mechanisms that control autophagy, ER stress and EV pathways, with the view that a better understanding of their crosstalk and balance may improve our knowledge on the pathogenesis and treatment of human diseases, where these pathways are dysregulated. © 2022
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