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The Multifaceted Role of Extracellular Vesicles (Evs) in Colorectal Cancer: Metastasis, Immune Suppression, Therapy Resistance, and Autophagy Crosstalk Publisher Pubmed



Rahmati S1, 2 ; Moeinafshar A3 ; Rezaei N4, 5, 6
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Student Research Committee, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
  2. 2. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran
  5. 5. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of Translational Medicine Published:2024


Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer structures released by all cells and widely distributed in all biological fluids. EVs are implicated in diverse physiopathological processes by orchestrating cell–cell communication. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with metastasis being the leading cause of mortality in CRC patients. EVs contribute significantly to the advancement and spread of CRC by transferring their cargo, which includes lipids, proteins, RNAs, and DNAs, to neighboring or distant cells. Besides, they can serve as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for early detection of CRC or be harnessed as effective carriers for delivering therapeutic agents. Autophagy is an essential cellular process that serves to remove damaged proteins and organelles by lysosomal degradation to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy and EV release are coordinately activated in tumor cells and share common factors and regulatory mechanisms. Although the significance of autophagy and EVs in cancer is well established, the exact mechanism of their interplay in tumor development is obscure. This review focuses on examining the specific functions of EVs in various aspects of CRC, including progression, metastasis, immune regulation, and therapy resistance. Further, we overview emerging discoveries relevant to autophagy and EVs crosstalk in CRC. © The Author(s) 2024.
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