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Retinoblastoma in Asia: Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcomes in 2112 Patients From 33 Countries Publisher Pubmed



Kaliki S1, 14 ; Vempuluru VS1, 14 ; Mohamed A1, 14 ; Aljadiry MF2 ; Bowman R3, 4, 30, 40 ; Chawla B5 ; Hamid SA6 ; Ji X7 ; Kapelushnik N8 ; Kebudi R9, 66 ; Sthapit PR10 ; Rojanaporn D11 ; Sitorus RS12, 102 ; Yousef YA13 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Kaliki S1, 14
  2. Vempuluru VS1, 14
  3. Mohamed A1, 14
  4. Aljadiry MF2
  5. Bowman R3, 4, 30, 40
  6. Chawla B5
  7. Hamid SA6
  8. Ji X7
  9. Kapelushnik N8
  10. Kebudi R9, 66
  11. Sthapit PR10
  12. Rojanaporn D11
  13. Sitorus RS12, 102
  14. Yousef YA13
  15. Fabian ID3, 8, 30
  16. Abdulqader RA15
  17. Aggarwal P16
  18. Ahmad A17
  19. Akib MNR18
  20. Al Mesfer SA19
  21. Al Ani MH20
  22. Albadri SAF2
  23. Angeles Alcasabas AP21
  24. Aldahmash SA22
  25. Alhaddad C23
  26. Yahya Alhussaini HH24
  27. Aljumaily U25
  28. Alkatan HM22
  29. Razzaq Mahmood Almafrachi AA26
  30. Samad Majeed Alshaheen AA15
  31. Alshammary EH27
  32. Amiruddin PO28
  33. Armytasari I29
  34. Astbury NJ30
  35. Atalay HT31
  36. Ataseven E32
  37. Atchaneeyasakul LO33
  38. Balayeva R34
  39. Bascaran C30
  40. Begimkulova AS35
  41. Bhaduri A36
  42. Bhat S37
  43. Bhattacharyya A38
  44. Blum S39
  45. Buaboonnam J33
  46. Burton MJ30
  47. Caspi S41
  48. Chaudhry S42
  49. Chen W43
  50. Chuluunbat T44
  51. Dangboon W45
  52. Das A38
  53. Das P46
  54. Das S47
  55. Du Y48
  56. Dudeja G37
  57. Eka Sutyawan IW49
  58. Fadoo Z50
  59. Faranoush M51
  60. Foster A30
  61. Frenkel S52
  62. Ghassemi F53
  63. Gomel N39
  64. Gunasekera DS54
  65. Gunduz AK55
  66. Gupta H56
  67. Gupta S57
  68. Gupta V16
  69. Hamzah N59
  70. Hasanreisoglu M31
  71. Hassan S60
  72. Haydar HA20
  73. Hongeng S61
  74. Hussein Aljanabi AN62
  75. Islamov Z63
  76. Janjua TA64
  77. Jeeva I50
  78. Jo DH65
  79. Kantar M32
  80. Keomisy J67
  81. Khan ZJ68
  82. Khaqan HA69
  83. Khetan V70
  84. Khodabande A53
  85. Kim JH71
  86. Kiratli H72
  87. Koc I72
  88. Kulvichit K73
  89. Kuntorini MW28
  90. Li C74
  91. Li K48
  92. Limbu B75
  93. Liu C76
  94. Lutfi D77
  95. Mahajan A78
  96. Maitra P70
  97. Makimbetov EK35
  98. Maktabi AMY19
  99. Manzhuova L79
  100. Masud S50
  101. Mehrvar A80
  102. Menon V81
  103. John V Mercado G21
  104. Chandra Mishra DK82
  105. Mohammad MT83
  106. Mudaliar SS56
  107. Mushtaq A17
  108. Nair AG84, 85
  109. Natarajan S84
  110. Nency YM86
  111. Neroev V87
  112. Nuruddin M88
  113. Pagarra H18
  114. Palanivelu MS82
  115. Papyan R89
  116. Peer J52
  117. Polyakov V90
  118. Qadir AO91
  119. Qayyum S17
  120. Qian J92
  121. Quah B80
  122. Rahman A94
  123. Rajkarnikar P64
  124. Ramanjulu R69
  125. Rashid R82
  126. Roy SR88
  127. Saab RH96
  128. Saakyan S87
  129. Sabhan AH2
  130. Saiju R75
  131. Sayalith P67
  132. Sedaghat A97
  133. Seth R98
  134. Shakoor SA99
  135. Sharma MK100
  136. Siddiqui SN60
  137. Singh U101
  138. Singha P45
  139. Soebagjo HD77
  140. Sultana S95
  141. Sun X103
  142. Supriyadi E29
  143. Surukrattanaskul S104
  144. Suzuki S105
  145. Tan D93
  146. Tang J7
  147. Tashvighi M80
  148. Teh KH59
  149. Tehuteru ES106
  150. Thawaba ADM24
  151. Toledano H107
  152. Le Trang D108
  153. Tripathy D109
  154. Tuncer S110
  155. Unal E111
  156. Ushakova TL90
  157. Usmanov R63
  158. Verma N57
  159. Victor AA102
  160. Vishnevskiadai V8
  161. Wang YZ112
  162. Wangtiraumnuay N104
  163. Riono WP106
  164. Wiwatwongwana A113
  165. Wiwatwongwana D113
  166. Wong ES114
  167. Wongwai P115
  168. Wu SQ116
  169. Xiang D43
  170. Xiao Y116
  171. Xu B74
  172. Xue K92
  173. Yam JC114
  174. Yang H117
  175. Yaqub MA64
  176. Yarovaya VA118
  177. Yarovoy AA118
  178. Ye H117
  179. Yuliawati P30
  180. Zhang Y112
  181. Zia N58
  182. Zondervan M30
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
  2. 2. Pediatric Oncology Unit, Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Medical City, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Bagdad, Iraq
  3. 3. International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  4. 4. Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
  5. 5. Ocular Oncology Service, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
  6. 6. Department of Ophthalmology, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
  7. 7. Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
  8. 8. Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
  9. 9. Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
  10. 10. Department of Ophthalmology, Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, Nepal
  11. 11. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
  12. 12. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  13. 13. Department of Ophthalmology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
  14. 14. The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
  15. 15. Basra Children Specialty Hospital, Basra, Iraq
  16. 16. Department of Pediatrics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
  17. 17. The Children' Hospital & the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
  18. 18. RS Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Makassar, Indonesia
  19. 19. King Khalid eye specialist hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  20. 20. Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
  21. 21. University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
  22. 22. College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  23. 23. Department of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
  24. 24. Pediatric Oncology Department, National Oncology Center, Sana'a, Yemen
  25. 25. Imam Hussein Cancer Center, Kerbala, Iraq
  26. 26. Ibn AlHaitham Teaching Eye Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
  27. 27. Oncology Unit, Child's Central Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
  28. 28. National Eye Center-Cicendo Eye Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
  29. 29. Sardjito Hospital-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  30. 30. International Centre for Eye Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  31. 31. Gazi University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey
  32. 32. Ege University, School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
  33. 33. Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
  34. 34. Zarifa Aliyeva National Centre of Ophthalmology, Baku, Azerbaijan
  35. 35. National Center of Oncology and Hematology, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  36. 36. Susrut Eye Foundation & Research Institute, Kolkata, India
  37. 37. Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Narayana Health City, Bangalore, India
  38. 38. Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
  39. 39. Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
  40. 40. Ophthalmology Department, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
  41. 41. Pediatric Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
  42. 42. Paediatric Ophthalmology Department, Mayo Hospital & College of Allied Visual Sciences (COAVS), King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
  43. 43. Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Guangzhou Children's Hospital and Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
  44. 44. National Center for Maternal and Children Health of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  45. 45. Department of Ophthalmology, Songklanagarind Hospital, Prince of a Songkla university, Songkla, Thailand
  46. 46. The Calcutta Medical Research Institute, Kolkata, India
  47. 47. Ocular Oncology Services, Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
  48. 48. Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
  49. 49. Departement of Opthalmology Udayana University, Sanglah Eye Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
  50. 50. Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  51. 51. Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Rasool Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran
  52. 52. Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
  53. 53. Retina & Vitreous Service, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  54. 54. National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
  55. 55. Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
  56. 56. Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India
  57. 57. King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
  58. 58. The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
  59. 59. Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  60. 60. Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  61. 61. Department of pediatrics Faculty of medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
  62. 62. Oncology Unit, Child Central Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
  63. 63. National Cancer Center of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
  64. 64. Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  65. 65. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
  66. 66. Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
  67. 67. Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
  68. 68. Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  69. 69. Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Ameer Ud Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
  70. 70. Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
  71. 71. Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
  72. 72. Ocular Oncology Service, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
  73. 73. Vitreo-Retina Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
  74. 74. The first hospital of Dali University, Yunnan Province, China
  75. 75. Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, Nepal
  76. 76. Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
  77. 77. Ophthalmology Department, Airlangga University - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
  78. 78. Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Apollo Center for Advanced Pediatrics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
  79. 79. Scientific Centre for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  80. 80. Mahak childrens Hematology Oncology Research Center (Mahak-HORC), Mahak Hospital, Tehran, Iran
  81. 81. Centre for Sight, New Delhi, India
  82. 82. Sankara Eye Hospital, Bangalore, India
  83. 83. King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
  84. 84. Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital, Mumbai, India
  85. 85. Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, India
  86. 86. Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
  87. 87. Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
  88. 88. Chittagong Eye Infirmary & Training Complex, Chittagong, Bangladesh
  89. 89. Yerevan State Medical University, Department of Oncology and Pediatric Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Armenia, Hematology Center after R.H. Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia
  90. 90. Head and Neck Tumors Department, SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Russian Federation, Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
  91. 91. Hiwa Cancer Hospital, Al Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
  92. 92. Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
  93. 93. Singapore National Eye Centre and KK Women's and Children's Hospital in Singapore, Singapore
  94. 94. Ophthalmology Department, Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Medical Faculty Andalas University West Sumatra, Indonesia
  95. 95. Department of Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology, Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  96. 96. Children's Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
  97. 97. Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  98. 98. Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
  99. 99. National Institute of Ophthalmology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  100. 100. East Timor Eye Program, Dili, Timor-Leste
  101. 101. Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
  102. 102. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  103. 103. Henan Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
  104. 104. Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand
  105. 105. Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
  106. 106. National Cancer Center - “Dharmais� Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  107. 107. Department of Pediatric HematologyOncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
  108. 108. Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology, Vietnam, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
  109. 109. LV Prasad Eye Institute, MTC Campus, Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
  110. 110. Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Oncology Service, Istanbul, Turkey
  111. 111. Ankara University Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
  112. 112. Department of Paediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
  113. 113. Department of Ophthalmology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
  114. 114. Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  115. 115. Department of ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
  116. 116. Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
  117. 117. State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
  118. 118. S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation

Source: Ophthalmology Published:2024


Abstract

Purpose: To describe the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of children who received a diagnosis of retinoblastoma in 2017 throughout Asia. Design: Multinational, prospective study including treatment-naive patients in Asia who received a diagnosis of retinoblastoma in 2017 and were followed up thereafter. Participants: A total of 2112 patients (2797 eyes) from 96 retinoblastoma treatment centers in 33 Asian countries. Interventions: Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, enucleation, and orbital exenteration. Main Outcome Measures: Enucleation and death. Results: Within the cohort, 1021 patients (48%) were from South Asia (SA), 503 patients (24%) were from East Asia (EA), 310 patients (15%) were from Southeast Asia (SEA), 218 patients (10%) were from West Asia (WA), and 60 patients (3%) were from Central Asia (CA). Mean age at presentation was 27 months (median, 23 months; range, < 1–261 months). The cohort included 1195 male patients (57%) and 917 female patients (43%). The most common presenting symptoms were leukocoria (72%) and strabismus (13%). Using the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual, Eighth Edition, classification, tumors were staged as cT1 (n = 441 [16%]), cT2 (n = 951 [34%]), cT3 (n = 1136 [41%]), cT4 (n = 267 [10%]), N1 (n = 48 [2%]), and M1 (n = 129 [6%]) at presentation. Retinoblastoma was treated with intravenous chemotherapy in 1450 eyes (52%) and 857 eyes (31%) underwent primary enucleation. Three-year Kaplan-Meier estimates for enucleation and death were 33% and 13% for CA, 18% and 4% for EA, 27% and 15% for SA, 32% and 22% for SEA, and 20% and 11% for WA (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001), respectively. Conclusions: At the conclusion of this study, significant heterogeneity was found in treatment outcomes of retinoblastoma among the regions of Asia. East Asia displayed better outcomes with higher rates of globe and life salvage, whereas Southeast Asia showed poorer outcomes compared with the rest of Asia. Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. © 2023 American Academy of Ophthalmology