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Adherence to Mediterranean Dietary Quality Index and Risk of Breast Cancer in Adult Women: A Case-Control Study Publisher Pubmed



Djafari F1 ; Ghorbaninejad P1 ; Firouzabadi FD1 ; Sheikhhossein F2 ; Shahinfar H3, 4 ; Safabakhsh M1 ; Imani H2 ; Shabbidar S1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: BMC Women's Health Published:2023


Abstract

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the fifth most prevalent cause of cancer-related deaths in Iran. Given that the role of whole-diet on cancer risk is important, this study aimed to assess the association of MedDQI and breast cancer risk. Methods: This hospital-based case-control study was performed on 150 women with pathologically confirmed breast cancer within the period of less than 3 months. Controls were 150 apparently healthy that were matched by age. Dietary data was collected using a validated questionnaire. To examine participants’ adherence to MedDQI, the MedDQI was created according to foods and nutrients highlighted or minimized in the MedDQI construction. Results: After adjusting for possible confounders, participants in the highest quartile of the MedDQI score had 55% lower odds of breast cancer than women in the bottom quartile (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.94, P trend: 0.02). Stratified analysis by menopausal status showed such association in postmenopausal women (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.8, P trend: 0.055) after controlling for age and energy intake. Conclusion: The results showed an inverse association between adherence to the MedDQI and risk of breast cancer among Iranian women. More prospective studies are needed to confirm our results. © 2023, The Author(s).
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