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Incidence Trends of Vulvar Cancer in the United States: A 20-Year Population-Based Study Publisher



Mousavi S1, 2 ; Ghasemi H3 ; Najafi M3 ; Yekta Z4 ; Nejadghaderi S5, 6
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  3. 3. Center for Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Calaveras County Department of Health, Calaveras County, CA, United States
  5. 5. HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  6. 6. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

Source: Cancer Reports Published:2024


Abstract

Background: Despite being uncommon, vulvar cancer is a serious health concern with a 5-year relative survival rate of 71%. Aims: The objective was to investigate the incidence rates of this disease across different racial, ethnic, and histological subgroups in the United States, as well as the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on this cancer. Methods: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 22 database. The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology Version 3 topologic code C51 was assigned for vulvar cancer. Average annual percent change (AAPC) and the pairwise comparison with the parallelism and coincidence were reported. Counts and age-adjusted incidence rates per 100 000 individuals with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results: The age-adjusted incidence rate of vulvar cancer was 2.40 (95% CI, 2.38–2.43) over the period 2000–2019, with an AAPC of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.63–0.99). By race/ethnicity, only non-Hispanic Whites had an increasing trend over 2000–2019 (AAPC: 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07–1.54). The highest age-adjusted incidence rate of vulvar cancer in the United States was for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). There was a significant decrease in the age-standardized incidence rate of vulvar cancer in all races/ethnicities in all age groups (AAPC: −10.15; 95% CI, −15.35 to −4.94) over 2019–2020. Also, the incidence rates and incident numbers of vulvar cancer increased with aging and peaked at the 85+ age group. Conclusion: There was an increase in the incidence rate of vulvar cancer in all races, with a significantly increased trend in non-Hispanic White women from 2000 to 2019. SCC displayed the highest incidence rate among vulvar cancer histological types. It is recommended to conduct further research to identify the relevant risk factors of vulvar cancer in the United States. © 2024 The Author(s). Cancer Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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