Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration Publisher Pubmed



Fitzmaurice C1, 2 ; Allen C2 ; Barber RM2 ; Barregard L3 ; Bhutta ZA4 ; Brenner H5 ; Dicker DJ2 ; Chimedorchir O6 ; Dandona R7 ; Dandona L2 ; Fleming T2 ; Forouzanfar MH2 ; Hancock J2 ; Hay RJ8 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Fitzmaurice C1, 2
  2. Allen C2
  3. Barber RM2
  4. Barregard L3
  5. Bhutta ZA4
  6. Brenner H5
  7. Dicker DJ2
  8. Chimedorchir O6
  9. Dandona R7
  10. Dandona L2
  11. Fleming T2
  12. Forouzanfar MH2
  13. Hancock J2
  14. Hay RJ8
  15. Huntermerrill R2
  16. Huynh C2
  17. Hosgood HD9
  18. Johnson CO2
  19. Jonas JB10
  20. Khubchandani J11
  21. Kumar GA7
  22. Kutz M2
  23. Lan Q12
  24. Larson HJ13
  25. Liang X14
  26. Lim SS2
  27. Lopez AD15
  28. Macintyre MF2
  29. Marczak L2
  30. Marquez N2
  31. Mokdad AH2
  32. Pinho C2
  33. Pourmalek F16
  34. Salomon JA17
  35. Sanabria JR18
  36. Sandar L2
  37. Sartorius B19
  38. Schwartz SM20
  39. Shackelford KA2
  40. Shibuya K21
  41. Stanaway J2
  42. Steiner C2
  43. Sun J22
  44. Takahashi K23
  45. Vollset SE24
  46. Vos T2
  47. Wagner JA2
  48. Wang H2
  49. Westerman R25
  50. Zeeb H26
  51. Zoeckler L2
  52. Abdallah F27
  53. Ahmed MB28
  54. Alabed S29
  55. Alam NK30
  56. Aldhahri SF31
  57. Alem G32
  58. Alemayohu MA33
  59. Ali R34
  60. Alraddadi R35
  61. Amare A36, 37
  62. Amoako Y38
  63. Artaman A39
  64. Asayesh H40
  65. Atnafu N41
  66. Awasthi A42
  67. Saleem HB43
  68. Barac A44
  69. Bedi N45
  70. Bensenor I46
  71. Berhane A47
  72. Bernabe E48
  73. Betsu B49
  74. Binagwaho A50, 51
  75. Boneya D32
  76. Camposnonato I52
  77. Castanedaorjuela C53
  78. Catalalopez F54, 55
  79. Chiang P56
  80. Chibueze C57
  81. Chitheer A58
  82. Choi JY59
  83. Cowie B60
  84. Damtew S61
  85. Das Neves J62
  86. Dey S63
  87. Dharmaratne S64
  88. Dhillon P65
  89. Ding E66
  90. Driscoll T67
  91. Ekwueme D68
  92. Endries AY69
  93. Farvid M70, 71
  94. Farzadfar F72
  95. Fernandes J73
  96. Fischer F74
  97. Ghiwot TT75
  98. Gebru A76
  99. Gopalani S77
  100. Hailu A78
  101. Horino M79
  102. Horita N80
  103. Husseini A81
  104. Huybrechts I82
  105. Inoue M21
  106. Islami F83
  107. Jakovljevic M84
  108. James S85
  109. Javanbakht M86
  110. Jee SH87
  111. Kasaeian A88
  112. Kedir MS89
  113. Khader YS90
  114. Khang YH91, 92
  115. Kim D93
  116. Leigh J94
  117. Linn S95
  118. Lunevicius R96
  119. El Razek HMA97
  120. Malekzadeh R98
  121. Malta DC99
  122. Marcenes W48
  123. Markos D100
  124. Melaku YA76
  125. Meles KG101
  126. Mendoza W102
  127. Mengiste DT76
  128. Meretoja TJ103
  129. Miller TR104, 105
  130. Mohammad KA106, 107
  131. Mohammadi A108
  132. Mohammed S109
  133. Moradilakeh M110
  134. Nagel G111
  135. Nand D112
  136. Le Nguyen Q113
  137. Nolte S114
  138. Ogbo FA115
  139. Oladimeji KE116
  140. Oren E117
  141. Pa M118
  142. Park EK119
  143. Pereira DM120
  144. Plass D121
  145. Qorbani M122
  146. Radfar A123
  147. Rafay A124
  148. Rahman M125
  149. Rana SM126
  150. Soreide K127, 128
  151. Satpathy M129
  152. Sawhney M130
  153. Sepanlou SG131
  154. Shaikh MA132
  155. She J133
  156. Shiue I134
  157. Shore HR135
  158. Shrime MG136
  159. So S137
  160. Soneji S138, 139
  161. Stathopoulou V140
  162. Stroumpoulis K141
  163. Sufiyan MB142
  164. Sykes BL143
  165. Tabaresseisdedos R54
  166. Tadese F144
  167. Tedla BA145
  168. Tessema GA146, 147
  169. Thakur JS148
  170. Tran BX149
  171. Ukwaja KN150
  172. Chudi Uzochukwu BS151
  173. Vlassov VV152
  174. Weiderpass E153, 154, 155, 156
  175. Wubshet Terefe M157
  176. Yebyo HG76
  177. Yimam HH158
  178. Yonemoto N159
  179. Younis MZ160
  180. Yu C161
  181. Zaidi Z162
  182. Zaki MES163
  183. Zenebe ZM164
  184. Murray CJL2
  185. Naghavi M2
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  2. 2. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  3. 3. University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  4. 4. Aga Khan University, Pakistan
  5. 5. German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
  6. 6. University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
  7. 7. Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
  8. 8. International Foundation for Dermatology, London, United Kingdom
  9. 9. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Global Health Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
  10. 10. Department of Ophthalmology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
  11. 11. Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States
  12. 12. National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
  13. 13. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  14. 14. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
  15. 15. School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  16. 16. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  17. 17. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
  18. 18. School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
  19. 19. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  20. 20. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
  21. 21. University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  22. 22. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  23. 23. University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
  24. 24. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
  25. 25. Federal Institute for Population Research, Hessen, Germany
  26. 26. Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany
  27. 27. Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  28. 28. College of Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  29. 29. College of Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
  30. 30. Queensland Health Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  31. 31. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  32. 32. Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  33. 33. School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  34. 34. Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  35. 35. Public Health Directorate, Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
  36. 36. School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  37. 37. Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  38. 38. Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Ghana, Kumasi, Ghana
  39. 39. Department of Community Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
  40. 40. Department of Medical Emergency, School of Paramedic, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
  41. 41. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
  42. 42. Department of Biostatistics, Nayati Multi Super Speciality Hospital, Mathura, India
  43. 43. Department of Community Medicine, Aden Cancer Registry, Research Center Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Aden University, Aden, Yemen
  44. 44. Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  45. 45. Department of Epidemiology, Tropical Disease Unit, College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  46. 46. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paul, Sao Paul, Brazil
  47. 47. College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  48. 48. Division of Population and Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
  49. 49. Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia
  50. 50. University of Global Health Equit, Kigali, Rwanda
  51. 51. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
  52. 52. National Institute of Public Health, Morelos, Mexico
  53. 53. Instituto Nacional de Salud Bogota, Bogota, Colombia
  54. 54. Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
  55. 55. Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  56. 56. Clinical Governance Unit, Gold Coast Health, Southport, QLD, Australia
  57. 57. National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
  58. 58. Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
  59. 59. Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
  60. 60. WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  61. 61. School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  62. 62. i3S-Instituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em Saude, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  63. 63. Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
  64. 64. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
  65. 65. Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
  66. 66. Department of Nutrition, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  67. 67. Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  68. 68. Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States
  69. 69. Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  70. 70. Department of Nutrition, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
  71. 71. Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  72. 72. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  73. 73. Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry-Associate Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, Portugal
  74. 74. Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
  75. 75. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  76. 76. Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  77. 77. Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Palikir, Federated States of Micronesia
  78. 78. Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  79. 79. Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Carson City, NV, United States
  80. 80. Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
  81. 81. Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
  82. 82. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
  83. 83. Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States
  84. 84. University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
  85. 85. Emergency Medicine, Denver Health/University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States
  86. 86. Health Economics Group, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
  87. 87. Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
  88. 88. Hematology- Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  89. 89. Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
  90. 90. Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid, Irbid, Jordan
  91. 91. Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
  92. 92. Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
  93. 93. Department of Health Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
  94. 94. Asbestos Disease Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  95. 95. School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
  96. 96. Aintree University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  97. 97. Surgery Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
  98. 98. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
  99. 99. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  100. 100. College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Assela, Ethiopia
  101. 101. Department of Epidemiology, College of Health Science, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  102. 102. Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru
  103. 103. Comprehensive Cancer Center, Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  104. 104. Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD, United States
  105. 105. Center for Population Health Research, Curtin University, Calverton, MD, Australia
  106. 106. Faculty of Education, Ishik University, Erbil, Iraq
  107. 107. Faculty of Education, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Iraq
  108. 108. Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  109. 109. Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  110. 110. Department of Community Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  111. 111. Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
  112. 112. Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji
  113. 113. Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  114. 114. Charite Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
  115. 115. Centre for Health Research, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  116. 116. Department of Public Health Medicine, College of Health Science, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  117. 117. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
  118. 118. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, India
  119. 119. Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
  120. 120. Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
  121. 121. Department of Environmental Hygiene, German Environment Agency, Berlin, Germany
  122. 122. Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  123. 123. College of Graduate Heath Study, A. T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, United States
  124. 124. Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Contech International Health Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan
  125. 125. BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  126. 126. Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan
  127. 127. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
  128. 128. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  129. 129. Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
  130. 130. Department of Public Health, College of Health Professions, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
  131. 131. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  132. 132. Karachi, Pakistan
  133. 133. Fudan University Shanghai, China
  134. 134. Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
  135. 135. College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  136. 136. Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
  137. 137. Asian Liver Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
  138. 138. Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
  139. 139. Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
  140. 140. Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
  141. 141. Alexandra General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
  142. 142. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  143. 143. Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
  144. 144. Department of Public Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
  145. 145. University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  146. 146. Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  147. 147. School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  148. 148. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
  149. 149. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  150. 150. Department of Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  151. 151. Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
  152. 152. Center for Health Policy, National Research University, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
  153. 153. Department of Research, Group of Etiological Cancer Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
  154. 154. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  155. 155. Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
  156. 156. Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromso, Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
  157. 157. Department of Public Health, St. Paul's Hospital Millenium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  158. 158. Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
  159. 159. Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
  160. 160. Department of Health Policy and Management, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
  161. 161. Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
  162. 162. Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital of Setif, Algeria
  163. 163. Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
  164. 164. College of Health Sciences, Department of Midwidery, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Source: JAMA Oncology Published:2017


Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Current estimates on the burden of cancer are needed for cancer control planning. OBJECTIVE: To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 32 cancers in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. EVIDENCE REVIEW: Cancer mortality was estimated using vital registration system data, cancer registry incidence data (transformed to mortality estimates using separately estimated mortality to incidence [MI] ratios), and verbal autopsy data. Cancer incidence was calculated by dividing mortality estimates through the modeled MI ratios. To calculate cancer prevalence, MI ratios were used to model survival. To calculate YLDs, prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights. The YLLs were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the reference life expectancy. DALYs were estimated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Countries were categorized by SDI quintiles to summarize results. FINDINGS: In 2015, there were 17.5 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.7 million deaths. Between 2005 and 2015, cancer cases increased by 33%, with population aging contributing 16%, population growth 13%, and changes in age-specific rates contributing 4%. For men, the most common cancer globally was prostate cancer (1.6 million cases). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs in men (1.2 million deaths and 25.9 million DALYs). For women, the most common cancer was breast cancer (2.4 million cases). Breast cancer was also the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs for women (523 000 deaths and 15.1 million DALYs). Overall, cancer caused 208.3 million DALYs worldwide in 2015 for both sexes combined. Between 2005 and 2015, age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in 174 of 195 countries or territories. Age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) for all cancers combined decreased within that timeframe in 140 of 195 countries or territories. Countries with an increase in the ASDR due to all cancers were largely located on the African continent. Of all cancers, deaths between 2005 and 2015 decreased significantly for Hodgkin lymphoma (-6.1% [95% uncertainty interval (UI), -10.6% to -1.3%]). The number of deaths also decreased for esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia, although these results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: As part of the epidemiological transition, cancer incidence is expected to increase in the future, further straining limited health care resources. Appropriate allocation of resources for cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and curative and palliative care requires detailed knowledge of the local burden of cancer. The GBD 2015 study results demonstrate that progress is possible in the war against cancer. However, the major findings also highlight an unmet need for cancer prevention efforts, including tobacco control, vaccination, and the promotion of physical activity and a healthy diet. Copyright 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Experts (# of related papers)
Other Related Docs
12. National and Subnational Mortality of Urological Cancers in Iran, 1990–2015, Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)
37. Skin Cancer: Genetics, Immunology, Treatments, and Psychological Care, Cancer Genetics and Psychotherapy (2017)