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Burden of Breast Cancer and Attributable Risk Factors in the North Africa and Middle East Region, 1990–2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Publisher



Azadnajafabad S1 ; Moghaddam SS1, 2 ; Mohammadi E1, 3 ; Rezaei N1, 4 ; Rashidi MM1 ; Rezaei N1, 4 ; Mokdad AH5, 6 ; Naghavi M5, 6 ; Murray CJL5, 6 ; Larijani B4 ; Farzadfar F1, 4 ; Abbasikangevari M1 ; Abbasikangevari Z1, 7 ; Abbastabar H8 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Azadnajafabad S1
  2. Moghaddam SS1, 2
  3. Mohammadi E1, 3
  4. Rezaei N1, 4
  5. Rashidi MM1
  6. Rezaei N1, 4
  7. Mokdad AH5, 6
  8. Naghavi M5, 6
  9. Murray CJL5, 6
  10. Larijani B4
  11. Farzadfar F1, 4
  12. Abbasikangevari M1
  13. Abbasikangevari Z1, 7
  14. Abbastabar H8
  15. Abidi H9
  16. Abolhassani H10, 11
  17. Abubaker Ali H12
  18. Abugharbieh E13
  19. Acuna JM14, 15
  20. Afrashteh S16, 17
  21. Afzal MS18
  22. Ahmad S19
  23. Ahmadi A20, 21
  24. Ahmadi S22
  25. Ahmed H23
  26. Ahmed LA24
  27. Rashid TA25
  28. Ajami M26, 27
  29. Akbarzadehkhiavi M28
  30. Hamad HA29, 30
  31. Alhanawi MK31, 32
  32. Ali BA33, 34
  33. Alimohamadi Y35
  34. Alipour S36
  35. Aljunid SM37, 38
  36. Almustanyir S39, 40
  37. Alraddadi RM41
  38. Alvand S42
  39. Arabloo J43
  40. Arabzozani M44
  41. Aryannejad A1, 45
  42. Ashraf T46
  43. Athari SS47
  44. Jafari AA48
  45. Bagheri N49
  46. Bagherieh S50
  47. Bahadory S51, 52
  48. Behnammoghadam M53, 54
  49. Bhagavathula AS55
  50. Bohlouli S56
  51. Wolfram Bruck WM57
  52. Darwesh AM58
  53. Dianatinasab M17, 59
  54. Dorostkar F60
  55. Eini E61
  56. Elbarazi I24
  57. Elhadi M62
  58. Sayed IE63
  59. Zaki MES64
  60. Eskandarieh S65
  61. Fadhil I66
  62. Farahmand F67
  63. Faris PS68, 69
  64. Galehdar N70
  65. Ghafourifard M71
  66. Ghamari SH1, 7
  67. Ghamari A1
  68. Ghashghaee A72
  69. Gholamalizadeh M73
  70. Gohari K1, 74
  71. Goleij P75
  72. Golitaleb M76
  73. Gubari MIM77
  74. Hafezinejad N4, 78
  75. Halwani R13, 79
  76. Hamadeh RR80
  77. Hamidi S81
  78. Hanif A82
  79. Haque S83
  80. Hassanipour S84, 85
  81. Hayat K86, 87
  82. Heidari M88
  83. Heidarymeybodi Z89
  84. Hosseini MS90
  85. Hosseinzadeh M91, 92
  86. Hsairi M93
  87. Jamshidi E94, 95
  88. Mamaghani AJ96, 97
  89. Javaheri T98
  90. Kabir A99
  91. Kalankesh LR100
  92. Keikavoosiarani L101
  93. Khader YS102
  94. Khan EA103
  95. Khan G104
  96. Khayamzadeh M105, 106
  97. Kiani B107
  98. Koohestani HR108
  99. Lee SW109
  100. Letafatnezhad M110
  101. Livani S111
  102. Madadizadeh F112
  103. Mafi AR113
  104. Mahjoub S114, 115
  105. Mahmoodpoor A116
  106. Mahmoudimanesh M117
  107. Malekpour MR1
  108. Malik AA82, 118
  109. Mansourghanaei F84, 85
  110. Mansournia MA119
  111. Masoumi SZ120
  112. Nasab EM121
  113. Mirmoeeni S48
  114. Mohammad Y122
  115. Mohammad KA68
  116. Mohammadi M123
  117. Mohammed A124
  118. Momtazmanesh S1, 4
  119. Moradi A125
  120. Moraga P126
  121. Mosapour A115, 127
  122. Naqvi AA128
  123. Natto ZS129, 130
  124. Nejadghaderi SA1, 131
  125. Nojomi M132, 133
  126. Noori M134
  127. Okatialiabad H135
  128. Pakzad R136
  129. Toroudi HP137, 138
  130. Piracha ZZ139
  131. Pourtaheri N140
  132. Rabiee N141, 142
  133. Rafiei A143, 144
  134. Rahim F145
  135. Rahimidehgolan S146
  136. Rahmani AM147
  137. Rahmanian V148
  138. Rashidi M149
  139. Rashidi A150
  140. Rawassizadeh R151
  141. Razeghinia MS152, 153
  142. Rezaei N1, 4
  143. Sabour S21
  144. Saddik B155
  145. Saeed U139, 156
  146. Sahebazzamani M157, 158
  147. Sahebkar A159, 160
  148. Samy AM161
  149. Nadeem Saqib MA162, 163
  150. Sathian B29, 164
  151. Shafiee SM165
  152. Shahabi S166
  153. Shahrakisanavi F135
  154. Shaikh MA167
  155. Sheidaei A1, 119
  156. Alisheikhi R168
  157. Shirkoohi R169, 170
  158. Shobeiri P1, 4
  159. Soltanizangbar MS171
  160. Tabibian E172
  161. Taheri M173, 174
  162. Soodejani MT175
  163. Temsah MH176
  164. Tiyuri A177, 178
  165. Ullah I18
  166. Ullah S179, 180
  167. Tahbaz SV181, 182
  168. Valizadeh R183
  169. Vo B184
  170. Waheed Y185
  171. Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH181
  172. Yazdanpanah F186, 187
  173. Yuce D188
  174. Zaki N189
  175. Zare I190
  176. Zoladl M191
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany
  3. 3. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  6. 6. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  7. 7. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Laboratory Technology Sciences Department, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
  10. 10. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  11. 11. Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
  12. 12. Department of Banking and Finance, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  13. 13. Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  14. 14. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
  15. 15. FIU Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
  16. 16. Department of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
  17. 17. Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  18. 18. Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  19. 19. Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
  20. 20. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  21. 21. Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  22. 22. School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  23. 23. Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
  24. 24. Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  25. 25. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Erbil, Iraq
  26. 26. Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, National Institute of Nutrition, Tehran, Iran
  27. 27. National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
  28. 28. Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  29. 29. Geriatric and Long Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  30. 30. Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  31. 31. Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  32. 32. Health Economics Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  33. 33. Erbil Technical Health College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
  34. 34. School of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
  35. 35. Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  36. 36. Breast Disease Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  37. 37. Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Kuwait
  38. 38. International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
  39. 39. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  40. 40. Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  41. 41. Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  42. 42. Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  43. 43. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  44. 44. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  45. 45. Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  46. 46. University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  47. 47. Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  48. 48. School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
  49. 49. Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  50. 50. School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  51. 51. Department of Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  52. 52. Department of Parasitology, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  53. 53. Department of Critical Care Nursing, Yasuj University, Yasuj, Iran
  54. 54. Department of Critical Care Nursing, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  55. 55. Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
  56. 56. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
  57. 57. Institute of Life Technologies, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Sion, Switzerland
  58. 58. Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  59. 59. Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
  60. 60. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  61. 61. Department of Orthodontics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  62. 62. Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
  63. 63. Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  64. 64. Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  65. 65. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  66. 66. Division of Non-Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  67. 67. Department of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
  68. 68. Department of Biology, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
  69. 69. Department of Biology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
  70. 70. Department of Surgical Technology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
  71. 71. Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  72. 72. School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  73. 73. Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  74. 74. Department of Biostatistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  75. 75. Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
  76. 76. Department of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  77. 77. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
  78. 78. Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  79. 79. College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  80. 80. Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
  81. 81. School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  82. 82. University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  83. 83. Research & Scientific Studies Unit, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  84. 84. Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  85. 85. Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  86. 86. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  87. 87. Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
  88. 88. Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  89. 89. Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  90. 90. Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  91. 91. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  92. 92. Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  93. 93. Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
  94. 94. Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  95. 95. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
  96. 96. Department of Parasitology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  97. 97. Department of Parasitology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  98. 98. Health Informatic Lab, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
  99. 99. Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  100. 100. School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  101. 101. Department of Healthcare Services Management, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  102. 102. Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
  103. 103. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
  104. 104. Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  105. 105. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  106. 106. The Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  107. 107. Department of Medical Informatics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  108. 108. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
  109. 109. Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Lab, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
  110. 110. South Tehran Health network, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  111. 111. Radiology Department, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  112. 112. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  113. 113. Department of Clinical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  114. 114. Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  115. 115. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  116. 116. Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  117. 117. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  118. 118. Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  119. 119. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  120. 120. Department of Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  121. 121. Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  122. 122. Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  123. 123. Department of Information Technology, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
  124. 124. Department of Biology, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  125. 125. School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  126. 126. Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
  127. 127. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  128. 128. School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
  129. 129. Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  130. 130. Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  131. 131. School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  132. 132. Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  133. 133. Department of Community and Family Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  134. 134. Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  135. 135. Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  136. 136. Department of Epidemiology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
  137. 137. Department of Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  138. 138. Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  139. 139. International Center of Medical Sciences Research, Islamabad, Pakistan
  140. 140. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
  141. 141. School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  142. 142. Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
  143. 143. Department of Immunology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  144. 144. Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  145. 145. Department of Anesthesia, Cihan University of Sulaimaniya, Sulaimaniya, Iraq
  146. 146. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  147. 147. Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan
  148. 148. Department of Community Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
  149. 149. Department of Clinical Science, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
  150. 150. Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  151. 151. Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
  152. 152. Department of Immunology and Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
  153. 153. Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  154. 154. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  155. 155. Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  156. 156. Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Jinnah Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
  157. 157. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  158. 158. Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
  159. 159. Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  160. 160. Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  161. 161. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  162. 162. Research Development Coordination Section, Pakistan Health Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
  163. 163. School of Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  164. 164. Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
  165. 165. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  166. 166. Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  167. 167. Karachi, Pakistan
  168. 168. Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  169. 169. Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  170. 170. Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  171. 171. Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  172. 172. Radiology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  173. 173. Trauma and Injury Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  174. 174. Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  175. 175. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  176. 176. Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  177. 177. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  178. 178. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  179. 179. Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
  180. 180. Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
  181. 181. Clinical Cancer Research Center, Milad General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
  182. 182. Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  183. 183. Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
  184. 184. Faculty of Information Technology, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  185. 185. Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad, Pakistan
  186. 186. Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  187. 187. Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  188. 188. Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
  189. 189. Computer Science and Software Engineering/Big Data Analytics Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  190. 190. Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies, Shiraz, Iran
  191. 191. Department of Nursing, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

Source: Frontiers in Oncology Published:2023


Abstract

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women globally. The North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region is coping hard with the burden of BC. We aimed to present the latest epidemiology of BC and its risk factors in this region. Methods: We retrieved the data on BC burden and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to describe BC status in the 21 countries of the NAME region from 1990 to 2019. We explored BC incidence, prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and attributable burden to seven risk factors of female BC, namely, alcohol use, diet high in red meat, low physical activity, smoking, secondhand smoke, high body mass index, and high fasting plasma glucose. Decomposition analysis on BC incidence trend was done to find out the contributing factors to this cancer’s growth. Results: In 2019, there were 835,576 (95% uncertainty interval: 741,968 to 944,851) female and 10,938 (9,030 to 13,256) male prevalent cases of BC in the NAME region. This number leads to 35,405 (30,676 to 40,571) deaths among female patients and 809 (654 to 1,002) deaths in male patients this year. BC was responsible for 1,222,835 (1,053,073 to 1,411,009) DALYs among female patients in 2019, with a greater proportion (94.9%) of burden in years of life lost (YLLs). The major contributor to female BC incidence increase in the past three decades was found to be increase in age-specific incidence rates of BC (227.5%), compared to population growth (73.8%) and aging (81.8%). The behavioral risk factors were responsible for majority of attributable female BC burden (DALYs: 106,026 [66,614 to 144,247]). High fasting plasma glucose was found to be the risk factor with the largest effect (DALYs: 84,912 [17,377 to 192,838]) on female BC burden. Conclusion: The increasing incidence and burden of BC in the NAME region is remarkable, especially when considering limited resources in the developing countries of this region. Proper policies like expanding screening programs and careful resource management are needed to effectively manage BC burden. Copyright © 2023 Azadnajafabad, Saeedi Moghaddam, Mohammadi, Rezaei, Rashidi, Rezaei, Mokdad, Naghavi, Murray, Larijani, Farzadfar and GBD 2019 NAME Breast Cancer Collaborators.
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