In Vitro Comparison of the Viability and Proliferation of Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Osteoblast-Like Mg-63 Cells on Three Different Temporary Cements Used in Dental Implants



Yaghobee S^{1, 2} ; Aslroosta H² ; Hasannia S³ ; Poursafar F⁴ Show Affiliations
Source: Frontiers in Dentistry Published:2025

Abstract

Objectives: Retained cement is an idiopathic factor contributing to early implant loss, making the selection of cement with minimal toxicity to peri-implant hard and soft tissues crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of three types of temporary cements and titanium specimens cemented with each, following direct exposure to human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE), eugenol-free zinc oxide (ZONE), and resin (R) cements were prepared in cylindrical forms of similar dimensions. Each cement was applied to titanium disks to create cemented titanium samples. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay at 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days. Cytotoxicitywas assessed on HGF and MG-63 osteoblast-like cells using theMTT assay at 24, 72 hours, and 7 days. Data analysis involved two-way and one-wayANOVA, with Tukey's post-hoc tests, and statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. Results: All cements significantly reduced cell viability in both cell lines. None of the cements demonstrated cellular viability percentages above the minimum threshold (70%) required for biocompatibility. The cytotoxicity of the cemented titanium disks was not significantly different from that of the cement-only samples (P>0.05). Additionally, there were no significant differences in the sensitivity of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells and HGF cells to the evaluated cements. Conclusion: The composition of the cement played a significant role in the host cell response. This study demonstrated that dental cements could induce tissue toxicity in the gingiva and bones, ultimately affecting implant survival. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.