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Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 21-Item Game Addiction Scale With a Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults Publisher



Abdoli N1 ; Farnia V1 ; Alikhani M1 ; Sadeghibahmani D1, 2, 3, 4 ; Dursteler KM5 ; Esmaeili M6 ; Bruhl A3 ; Brand S1, 2, 3, 7, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  2. 2. Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  3. 3. Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders Zentrum far Affektive-, Stress- und Schlafstorungen (ZASS), University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, Universitare Psychiatrische Kliniken (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
  4. 4. Departments of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  5. 5. Division of Substance Use Disorders Basel, University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
  6. 6. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
  7. 7. Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
  8. 8. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran

Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry Published:2021


Abstract

Background: Excessive gaming has become a psychological health issue for both gamers and their social environments. This observation holds true for western but also non-western countries such as Iran. The aim of the present study was to translate and validate a Persian version of the Game Addiction Scale 21 (GAS 21) using a sample of adolescents and adults. Methods: A total of 412 participants (mean age: 22.16 years; 55.3% females) took part in the study. They completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic information and gaming-related information, as well as the Persian version of the GAS 21, the GAS 7, the Internet Addiction Test, and the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: Of the initial 21 items of the Persian version of the GAS 21, five proved redundant and were eliminated. Factors analyses yielded four factors explaining 66.35% of the variance: 1. Withdrawal; 2. Feelings of guilt and addiction; 3. Mood modification; 4. Issues of time budget. Cronbach's alphas were satisfactory (alphas > 0.87). To validate the results, scores on the translated version were compared with the well-established Young Internet Addiction test. Factors correlated positively (rs between 0.21 and 0.31) with overall score on this latter test but, against expectations, positively with the generalized self-efficacy scale. Conclusions: A Persian version of the Game Addiction Scale-21 proved to be a useful tool for assessing the risk of game addiction behavior. Further, the solution with 16 items loading on four factors appears respond to the ecological need of parsimony. © Copyright © 2021 Abdoli, Farnia, Alikhani, Sadeghi-Bahmani, Dursteler, Esmaeili, Bruhl and Brand.
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