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Combining Anti-Checkpoint Immunotherapies and Cancer Vaccines As a Novel Strategy in Oncological Therapy: A Review Publisher Pubmed



Ghaneialvar H1 ; Jahani S2 ; Hashemi E3 ; Khalilzad MA4 ; Falahi S5 ; Rashidi MA6 ; Majidpoor J7 ; Najafi S8, 9
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States
  3. 3. Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Human Immunology Published:2025


Abstract

The field of cancer immunotherapy has experienced remarkable advancements in the treatment of human cancers over recent decades. Therapeutic cancer vaccines have been employed to elicit antitumor immune responses through the generation of specific reactions against tumor-associated antigens. Although preclinical studies have demonstrated hopeful results and at least one product is approved for clinical use, the overall efficacy of cancer vaccines remains restricted. The co-administration of anti-checkpoint antibodies alongside cancer vaccines is proposed as a potential strategy to enhance the clinical efficacy of immunotherapies. Among the various anti-checkpoint agents, monoclonal antibodies targeting CD127, OX40, and CD40 have been further investigated in combined administration with cancer vaccines, demonstrating a synergistic impact on disease outcomes in both animal models and human subjects. This combinational approach has been shown to suppress tumor regression, improve survival rates, and promote the efficacy of cancer vaccines via multiple mechanisms, including the augmentation of generation, activation, and expansion of CD8+ T cells, as well as the production of tumor-inhibitory cytokines. Importantly, the impact of the concurrent administration of anti-checkpoint agents and cancer vaccines surpass those observed with the sole vaccine, indicating that this strategy may offer significant advantages for clinical application in cancer patients. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the significance and therapeutic potential of the combined administration of checkpoint agonist/antagonist antibodies and cancer vaccines for human tumors. © 2024 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics
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