Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives on Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines Publisher



Keshavarzfathi M^{1, 2, 3} ; Rezaei N^{3, 4, 5} Show Affiliations
Source: Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: An Evidence-Based Review on Current Status and Future Perspectives Published:2019

Abstract

As the field of cancer treatment moves forward, novel treatments are being designed to overcome various malignancies. Therapeutic cancer vaccines had been attractive modalities for many years owing to their capability as an active and specific immunotherapy to direct the immune response toward eliminating tumor cells without severe toxicity for normal cells. Three cancer vaccines were also approved, including Sipuleucel-T licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration for prostate cancer. However, the superiority of vaccines has been questioned in the era of the emergence of novel immunotherapeutics and as a result of some unsuccessful outcomes in phase III trials. Interestingly, despite some unfavorable results, long-term follow-up and administration of vaccines in certain subgroups have significantly improved their efficacy. These experiences became the basis for administering vaccines in certain settings and populations. Moreover, approaches such as neoantigen vaccines have assisted the development of novel vaccines that show promising results. Here, we will summarize the previous chapters to arrive at a conclusion and look toward future perspectives. © 2019 Nima Rezaei and Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.