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The Role of Interferon (Ifn)-Γ in Extravillous Trophoblast Cell (Evt) Invasion and Preeclampsia Progression Publisher Pubmed



Nurzadeh M1 ; Ghalandarpoorattar SM2 ; Ghalandarpoorattar SN3 ; Rabiei M4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Fetomaternal Department, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Baqiyatallah Hospital, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Reproductive Sciences Published:2023


Abstract

The involvement of the immune system in pregnancy is a controversial subject. The functions of T helper (Th) 1 and Th2 cells have been proposed, that Th1 cytokines promoting allograft rejection may impair pregnancy, whereas Th2-type cytokines suppressing Th1 responses improve allograft tolerance and hence embryonic survival. Maternal–fetal tolerance begins in the uterus; therefore, optimal adaptation to the fetus is the result of a complex interference. The invasion of extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs) into the decidua and the inner third of the myometrium is essential for a healthy pregnancy. The mechanisms that influence trophoblast invasion are unknown; however, cytokines from uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, NKT cells, macrophages, and T cells appear to be involved. All these cells are major sources of interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Recent studies have shown that IFN-γ can inhibit EVT invasion via a mechanism dependent on an increase in EVT apoptosis and a decrease in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Regarding controversies in this context, this study aimed to comprehensively review the role of IFN-γ and IFN-γ-producing cells in EVT invasion, successful pregnancy, and preeclampsia. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Society for Reproductive Investigation.
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