Covid-19-Associated Pulmonary Embolism: Review of the Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Covid-19-Associated Pulmonary Embolism: Review of the Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment Publisher Pubmed

Ortegapaz L¹ ; Talasaz AH² ; Sadeghipour P^{3, 4} ; Potpara TS^{5, 6} ; Aronow HD^{7, 8} ; Jarapalomares L^{9, 10} ; Sholzberg M^{11, 12, 13} ; Angiolillo DJ¹ ; Lip GYH^{14, 15} ; Bikdeli B^{16, 17, 18, 19}

Show Affiliations

1. Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, United States
2. Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3. Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4. Clinical Trial Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5. School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
6. Intensive Arrhythmia Care, Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
7. Department of Cardiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
8. Department of Cardiology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
9. Respiratory Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
10. Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Carlos Iii Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
11. Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
12. Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
13. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
14. Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
15. Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
16. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
17. Thrombosis Research Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
18. Yale/YNHH Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), New Haven, CT, United States
19. Cardiovascular Research Foundation (CRF), New York, NY, United States

Source: Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis Published:2023

Abstract

COVID-19 is associated with endothelial activation in the setting of a potent inflammatory reaction and a hypercoagulable state. The end result of this thromboinflammatory state is an excess in thrombotic events, in particular venous thromboembolism. Pulmonary embolism (PE) has been of special interest in patients with COVID-19 given its association with respiratory deterioration, increased risk of intensive care unit admission, and prolonged hospital stay. The pathophysiology and clinical characteristics of COVID-19-associated PE may differ from the conventional non-COVID-19-associated PE. In addition to embolic events from deep vein thrombi, in situ pulmonary thrombosis, particularly in smaller vascular beds, may be relevant in patients with COVID-19. Appropriate prevention of thrombotic events in COVID-19 has therefore become of critical interest. Several changes in viral biology, vaccination, and treatment management during the pandemic may have resulted in changes in incidence trends. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of COVID-19-associated PE. Furthermore, we briefly summarize the results from randomized controlled trials of preventive antithrombotic therapies in COVID-19, focusing on their findings related to PE. We discuss the acute treatment of COVID-19-associated PE, which is substantially similar to the management of conventional non-COVID-19 PE. Ultimately, we comment on the current knowledge gaps in the evidence and the future directions in the treatment and follow-up of COVID-19-associated PE, including long-term management, and its possible association with long-COVID. © 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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Experts (# of related papers)

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Azita Hajhossein Talasaz (16)

Hossein Khalili (8)

Style	Citing Format
MLA	Ortegapaz L, et al.. "Covid-19-Associated Pulmonary Embolism: Review of the Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment." Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, vol. 49, no. 8, 2023, pp. 816-832.
APA	Ortegapaz L, Talasaz AH, Sadeghipour P, Potpara TS, Aronow HD, Jarapalomares L, Sholzberg M, Angiolillo DJ, Lip GYH, Bikdeli B (2023). Covid-19-Associated Pulmonary Embolism: Review of the Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 49(8), 816-832.
Chicago	Ortegapaz L, Talasaz AH, Sadeghipour P, Potpara TS, Aronow HD, Jarapalomares L, Sholzberg M, Angiolillo DJ, Lip GYH, Bikdeli B. "Covid-19-Associated Pulmonary Embolism: Review of the Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment." Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 49, no. 8 (2023): 816-832.
Harvard	Ortegapaz L et al. (2023) 'Covid-19-Associated Pulmonary Embolism: Review of the Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment', Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 49(8), pp. 816-832.
Vancouver	Ortegapaz L, Talasaz AH, Sadeghipour P, Potpara TS, Aronow HD, Jarapalomares L, et al.. Covid-19-Associated Pulmonary Embolism: Review of the Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. 2023;49(8):816-832.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Ortegapaz L and Talasaz AH and Sadeghipour P and Potpara TS and Aronow HD and Jarapalomares L and Sholzberg M and Angiolillo DJ and Lip GYH and Bikdeli B}, title = {Covid-19-Associated Pulmonary Embolism: Review of the Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment}, journal = {Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis}, volume = {49}, number = {8}, pages = {816-832}, year = {2023} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Ortegapaz L AU - Talasaz AH AU - Sadeghipour P AU - Potpara TS AU - Aronow HD AU - Jarapalomares L AU - Sholzberg M AU - Angiolillo DJ AU - Lip GYH AU - Bikdeli B TI - Covid-19-Associated Pulmonary Embolism: Review of the Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment JO - Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis VL - 49 IS - 8 SP - 816 EP - 832 PY - 2023 ER -

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