Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Reorganization of Substance Use Treatment and Harm Reduction Services During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey Publisher



Radfar SR1, 2 ; De Jong CAJ3 ; Farhoudian A4 ; Ebrahimi M5, 6 ; Rafei P7 ; Vahidi M4 ; Yunesian M8 ; Kouimtsidis C9 ; Arunogiri S10 ; Massah O11 ; Deylamizadeh A12 ; Brady KT13 ; Busse A14, 18 ; Potenza MN15 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Radfar SR1, 2
  2. De Jong CAJ3
  3. Farhoudian A4
  4. Ebrahimi M5, 6
  5. Rafei P7
  6. Vahidi M4
  7. Yunesian M8
  8. Kouimtsidis C9
  9. Arunogiri S10
  10. Massah O11
  11. Deylamizadeh A12
  12. Brady KT13
  13. Busse A14, 18
  14. Potenza MN15
  15. Ekhtiari H16
  16. Baldacchino AM17
  17. Abagiu AO19
  18. Abouna FDN20
  19. Ahmed MH21
  20. Alansari B22
  21. Mahmmoud Abu Alkhair F23
  22. Almaqbali MH24
  23. Ambekar A25
  24. Ardabili HM26
  25. Arya S27
  26. Lasebikan VO28
  27. Ayasreh MA29
  28. Basu D30
  29. Benmebarek Z31
  30. Bhad R25
  31. Blaise M32
  32. Bonnet N33
  33. Brasch J34
  34. Broers B35
  35. Butner JL36
  36. Camilleri M37
  37. Campello G38
  38. Carra G39
  39. Celic I40
  40. Chalabianloo F41
  41. Chaturvedi A42
  42. De Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel J43
  43. Clark KJ44
  44. Cyders MA45
  45. De Bernardis E46
  46. Derry JE47
  47. Dhagudu NK48
  48. Dolezalova P49
  49. Dom G50
  50. Dunlop AJ51
  51. Elhabiby MM52
  52. Elkholy H53
  53. Essien NF54
  54. Farah GI55
  55. Ferri M56
  56. Floros GD57
  57. Friedman C58
  58. Fuderanan CH59
  59. Gerra G35
  60. Ghosh A30
  61. Gogia M60
  62. Grammatikopoulos IA61
  63. Grandinetti P62
  64. Guirguis A63
  65. Gutnisky D64
  66. Haber PS65
  67. Hassaniabharian P66
  68. Hooshyari Z67
  69. Ibrahim IIM52
  70. Ieong H68
  71. Indradewi RN69, 125
  72. Iskandar S70
  73. Jain S71
  74. James S72
  75. Javadi SMH73
  76. Joe KH74
  77. Jokubonis D75, 142
  78. Jovanova AT76
  79. Kamal RM77
  80. Kantchelov AI78
  81. Kathiresan P25
  82. Katzman G79
  83. Kawale P80
  84. Kern AM81
  85. Kessler FHP82
  86. Kim S83
  87. Kimball AM84
  88. Kljucevic Z85
  89. Siste K86
  90. Lev R87
  91. Lee HK88
  92. Lengvenyte A89
  93. Levran S90, 91
  94. Mabelya GS92
  95. Mahi MAE93
  96. Maphisa J94
  97. Maremmani I95
  98. Masferrer L96
  99. Mccambridge O97
  100. Mcgovern GG98
  101. Min AK99
  102. Moghanibashimansourieh A74
  103. Morarios J100
  104. Mudalige IUK101
  105. Mukherjee D102
  106. Munira PM103
  107. Myers B104
  108. Menon T N J105
  109. Narasimha VL106
  110. Ndionuka N107
  111. Nejatisafa A108
  112. Niaz K38
  113. Nizami AT109
  114. Nuijens JH110
  115. Orsolini L111
  116. Oum V112
  117. Oyemade AA113
  118. Palavra IR114
  119. Pant SB115
  120. Paredes J116
  121. Peyron E117
  122. Alberto Quiros R118
  123. Qurishi R119
  124. Rafiq NUZ120
  125. Rao RR121
  126. Rattaapha W122
  127. Raymond K123
  128. Reimer J124
  129. Renaldo E69, 125
  130. Rezapour T126
  131. Robertson JR127
  132. Roncero C128
  133. Roub F129
  134. Rubenstein EJ130
  135. Rupp CI131
  136. Saenz E38
  137. Salehi M132
  138. Samartzis L133
  139. Sarubbo LB134
  140. Segrec N135
  141. Shah B136
  142. Shen H137
  143. Shirasaka T138
  144. Shoptaw S139
  145. Sintango FM140
  146. Sosa VA141
  147. Subata E75, 142
  148. Sztycberg N143
  149. Taghizadeh F144
  150. Teck J145
  151. Tjagvad C146
  152. Torrens M147
  153. Twala JM148
  154. Vadivel R149
  155. Volpicelli JR150
  156. Weijs J151
  157. Wintoniw SM152
  158. Wittayanookulluk A153
  159. Wojnar M154
  160. Yasir S109
  161. Yitayih Y155
  162. Zhao M156
  163. Zonoozi AK157
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Neuroscience and Addiction, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Integrated Substance Abuse Programs Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  3. 3. Behavioral Science Institute Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
  4. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Materials and Energy Research Center, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Surrey and Borders Partnership, NHS Foundation Trust, Leatherhead, United Kingdom
  10. 10. Turning Point, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
  11. 11. Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  12. 12. Rebirth Charity Society NGO, Tehran, Iran
  13. 13. Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
  14. 14. Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Division for Operations, United States
  15. 15. Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
  16. 16. Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
  17. 17. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
  18. 18. Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, Austria
  19. 19. Prof. Dr. Matei Bals- Arena OMT Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
  20. 20. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
  21. 21. Alamal psychiatric hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  22. 22. Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  23. 23. Al Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
  24. 24. Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
  25. 25. Department of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Center (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
  26. 26. Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  27. 27. State Drug Dependence Treatment Center, Institute of Mental Health, Pt BDS University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
  28. 28. Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  29. 29. Addiction medicine clinic, Amman, Jordan
  30. 30. Department of Psychiatry, Drug De-addiction & Treatment Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
  31. 31. Addiction medicine clinic, Mila, Algeria
  32. 32. Center medical Marmottan, Paris, France
  33. 33. Reseau de Prevention des Addictions (RESPADD), Paris, France
  34. 34. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Michael DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  35. 35. Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
  36. 36. CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
  37. 37. Agenzija Sedqa, Santa Venera, Malta
  38. 38. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Vienna, Austria
  39. 39. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
  40. 40. University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia
  41. 41. Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
  42. 42. Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  43. 43. Addiction medicine clinic, Mexico City, Mexico
  44. 44. Addiction Crisis Solutions, Louisville, KY, United States
  45. 45. Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University - Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
  46. 46. SerT Lentini, ASP Siracusa, Syracuse, Italy
  47. 47. Serenity Vista Addiction Treatment Center, Jaramillo, Panama
  48. 48. Department of Psychiatry, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, India
  49. 49. National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
  50. 50. Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Antwerp University (UA), Antwerp, Belgium
  51. 51. Drug & Alcohol Clinical Services, Hunter New England Local Health District, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
  52. 52. Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  53. 53. Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  54. 54. Center for Research and Information on Substance Abuse, Jos, Nigeria
  55. 55. Addiction Medicine Clinic, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
  56. 56. European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
  57. 57. 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
  58. 58. Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, United States
  59. 59. Fuderanan Mental Health Clinic, Manila, Philippines
  60. 60. Georgian Harm Reduction Network, Tbilisi, Georgia
  61. 61. Organization Against Drugs, Primary Care Health Center, Veria, Greece
  62. 62. Addictions Services (Ser.D.), Department of Territorial Assistance, ASL Teramo, Teramo, Italy
  63. 63. Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences 2, Sketty, United Kingdom
  64. 64. Hospital Borda, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  65. 65. University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  66. 66. Institutes for Cognitive Science Studies (IRICSS), Brain and Cognition Clinic, Tehran, Iran
  67. 67. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  68. 68. Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
  69. 69. Drugs Rehabilitation Center, National Narcotics Board of Indonesia, East Jakarta, Indonesia
  70. 70. Department of Psychiatry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
  71. 71. Department of Psychiatry, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Varanasi, India
  72. 72. Univeristi Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
  73. 73. Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  74. 74. National Center for Mental Health of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
  75. 75. Republican Center for Addictive Disorders, Vilnius, Lithuania
  76. 76. Addiction medicine clinic, Skopje, North Macedonia
  77. 77. Naufar Institute, Doha, Qatar
  78. 78. The Kantchelov Clinic, Sofia, Bulgaria
  79. 79. Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
  80. 80. African Institute for Development Policy, Lilongwe, Malawi
  81. 81. Sobriety Centers of New Hampshire, Antrim, NH, United States
  82. 82. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  83. 83. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
  84. 84. Chatham House, Washington, United States
  85. 85. Institute for Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, Split, Croatia
  86. 86. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
  87. 87. Scripps Mercy Hospital, San Diego, CA, United States
  88. 88. Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
  89. 89. Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatric Clinic, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
  90. 90. Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
  91. 91. Israel Center on Addiction, Netanya, Israel
  92. 92. Community Health Work, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
  93. 93. Hayat Center for Treatment and Psycho-social Rehabilitation, Khartoum, Sudan
  94. 94. University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
  95. 95. V.P. Dole, Dual Disorder Unit, Santa Chiara University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
  96. 96. CAS Girona, Department of Psychology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
  97. 97. Community addiction team, Southern Health and Social Care Trust, Craigavon, United Kingdom
  98. 98. Priority Medical Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
  99. 99. Save the Children International, Yangon, Myanmar
  100. 100. Direccion de Investigaciones Epidemiologicas y Sociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente Muniz, Mexico City, Mexico
  101. 101. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  102. 102. Center for Addiction Medicine, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
  103. 103. Kleopatra Kodric, Irena Nisic, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  104. 104. Alcohol Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
  105. 105. NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
  106. 106. Department of Psychiatry, Center for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
  107. 107. Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
  108. 108. Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  109. 109. Institute of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Center for Mental Health, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  110. 110. Brijder Addiction Care, Zaandam, Netherlands
  111. 111. Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
  112. 112. Koh Kong Provincial Hospital, Phoumin, Cambodia
  113. 113. Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, United States
  114. 114. Psychiatric hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb, Croatia
  115. 115. Department of Psychiatry and mental health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
  116. 116. Universidad de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
  117. 117. AddiPsy, Lyon, France
  118. 118. Addiction medicine clinic, San Jose, Costa Rica
  119. 119. Novadic-Kentron Addiction Care Network, Vught, Netherlands
  120. 120. Phoenix Foundation for Research and Development, Lahore, Pakistan
  121. 121. Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
  122. 122. Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
  123. 123. University of the Sunshine Coast (USC), Queensland, QLD, Australia
  124. 124. Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
  125. 125. Drugs Rehabilitation Center, National Narcotics Board of Indonesia, East Jakarta, Indonesia
  126. 126. Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
  127. 127. Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  128. 128. Psychiatry Service, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
  129. 129. PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
  130. 130. Street Health Center, Kingston, ON, Canada
  131. 131. Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
  132. 132. Department of Neurosciences and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  133. 133. Medical School, University of Cyprus, Cyprus
  134. 134. Clinica Psiquiatrica de la Facultad de Medicina, Uruguay
  135. 135. Center for Treatment of Drug addiction, University Psychiatric Clinic, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  136. 136. Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Lagankhel, Nepal
  137. 137. Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
  138. 138. Department of Psychiatry, Teine Keijinkai Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
  139. 139. Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  140. 140. Health Professions Councils of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
  141. 141. Addiction medicine clinic, Montevideo, Uruguay
  142. 142. Republican Center for Addictive Disorders, Vilnius, Lithuania
  143. 143. Asociasion Programa Andres Argentina, Santa Fe, Argentina
  144. 144. Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
  145. 145. MRC/CSO SPHSU, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  146. 146. Gladsaxe Substance Use Disorder Treatment Center, Gladsaxe, Denmark
  147. 147. Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
  148. 148. NACADA, Nairobi, Kenya
  149. 149. Waikato District Health Board (WDHB) Hamilton, Hamilton, New Zealand
  150. 150. Institute of Addiction Medicine, Plymouth Meeting, PA, United States
  151. 151. Jellinek, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  152. 152. Addictions Foundation of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
  153. 153. Thanyarak Chiangmai hospital, Khilek, Thailand
  154. 154. Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  155. 155. Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  156. 156. Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
  157. 157. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry Published:2021


Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted people with substance use disorders (SUDs) worldwide, and healthcare systems have reorganized their services in response to the pandemic. Methods: One week after the announcement of the COVID-19 as a pandemic, in a global survey, 177 addiction medicine professionals described COVID-19-related health responses in their own 77 countries in terms of SUD treatment and harm reduction services. The health responses were categorized around (1) managerial measures and systems, (2) logistics, (3) service providers, and (4) vulnerable groups. Results: Respondents from over 88% of countries reported that core medical and psychiatric care for SUDs had continued; however, only 56% of countries reported having had any business continuity plan, and 37.5% of countries reported shortages of methadone or buprenorphine supplies. Participants of 41% of countries reported partial discontinuation of harm-reduction services such as needle and syringe programs and condom distribution. Fifty-seven percent of overdose prevention interventions and 81% of outreach services were also negatively impacted. Conclusions: Participants reported that SUD treatment and harm-reduction services had been significantly impacted globally early during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our findings, we highlight several issues and complications resulting from the pandemic concerning people with SUDs that should be tackled more efficiently during the future waves or similar pandemics. The issues and potential strategies comprise the following: (1) helping policymakers to generate business continuity plans, (2) maintaining the use of evidence-based interventions for people with SUDs, (3) being prepared for adequate medication supplies, (4) integrating harm reduction programs with other treatment modalities, and (5) having specific considerations for vulnerable groups such as immigrants and refugees. © Copyright © 2021 Radfar, De Jong, Farhoudian, Ebrahimi, Rafei, Vahidi, Yunesian, Kouimtsidis, Arunogiri, Massah, Deylamizadeh, Brady, Busse, ISAM-PPIG Global Survey Consortium, Potenza, Ekhtiari and Baldacchino.