Long-Time Effects of Prenatal Morphine, Tramadol, Methadone, and Buprenorphine Exposure on Seizure and Anxiety in Immature Rats Publisher Pubmed



Gholami M^{1, 2, 3} ; Saboory E⁴ ; Ahmadi AA^{1, 5} ; Asouri M¹ ; Nasirikenari M¹ ; Rostamnezhad M⁶
Source: International Journal of Neuroscience Published:2020

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate seizures and anxiety-like behaviors in immature rats prenatally exposed to opiate drugs. Materials and methods: Pregnant rats were randomly divided into five groups: saline, morphine, tramadol, methadone, and buprenorphine. Administrations were performed intraperitoneally once a day for the last seven days of pregnancy. Neonatal rats were subdivided into ten groups, split according to sex. Anxiety-like behavior was tested on postnatal day (PD) 19. On PD 20, seizure was induced by PTZ injection. Results: Morphine in male rats had an increased time to onset (p < 0.005), whereas there was a decreased number of tonic-clonic seizures in females (p < 0.05). Tramadol had an increased duration of tonic-clonic seizures compared to morphine and methadone in males (p < 0.005). Moreover, tramadol decreased open arm time and locomotor activity in males more than in females (p < 0.05). Methadone decreased open arm time in males (p < 0.05). Furthermore, buprenorphine and tramadol decreased open arm entrance in male rats (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It was demonstrated that prenatal tramadol significantly increases both the duration of seizures and anxiety-like behaviors in immature male rats, whereas morphine decreases both of them. The effects of tramadol on seizure and anxiety-like behavior may be due to the comorbid occurrence of the symptoms of these two disorders. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.