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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Analysis From the Persian Cohort Publisher Pubmed



Sadeghi A1 ; Boustani P1 ; Mehrpour A2 ; Asgari AA1 ; Sharafkhah M1 ; Yazdanbod A3 ; Somi MH4 ; Nejatizadeh A5 ; Moradpour F6 ; Rezaeian M7 ; Mansourghanaei F8 ; Shahriari A9 ; Fattahi MR10 ; Hamzeh B11 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Sadeghi A1
  2. Boustani P1
  3. Mehrpour A2
  4. Asgari AA1
  5. Sharafkhah M1
  6. Yazdanbod A3
  7. Somi MH4
  8. Nejatizadeh A5
  9. Moradpour F6
  10. Rezaeian M7
  11. Mansourghanaei F8
  12. Shahriari A9
  13. Fattahi MR10
  14. Hamzeh B11
  15. Hosseini SV12
  16. Kahnooji M13
  17. Gohari A14
  18. Khosravifarsani M15
  19. Azadeh H16
  20. Pashaei MR17
  21. Sheibani EM18
  22. Fallahzadeh H19
  23. Bakhshipour A20
  24. Poustchi H1
  25. Malekzadeh R1
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
  4. 4. Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  5. 5. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
  6. 6. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  7. 7. Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
  8. 8. Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  9. 9. Alimentary Tract Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  10. 10. Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  11. 11. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Nutritional Sciences Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  12. 12. Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  13. 13. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  14. 14. Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
  15. 15. Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  16. 16. Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Orthopedic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  17. 17. Patient Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
  18. 18. Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
  19. 19. Research Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  20. 20. Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

Source: PLoS ONE Published:2024


Abstract

Background This study assessed the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a general adult population in Iran. The association between GERD and various factors was also evaluated. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study on 163,018 individuals aged over 35 who were enrolled in the PERSIAN cohort. GERD was defined as the occurrence of heartburn and/or regurgitation symptoms at least several days a month. Survey design analysis for pooled data was performed and multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent risk factors for GERD. Results The prevalence of GERD in our study was estimated at 21.86% (95% confidence interval:17.4%-36.4%). The mean age of the participants was 49.84 years±9.25 (35–70) and 44.75% of the participants were male. Symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation were reported in 18.65% (n: 29,170) and 6.06% (n: 9,717) of participants, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, several factors were found to be associated with a higher prevalence of GERD: female sex, age >50, current smoking, opium use, weekly consumption of fried foods, frequent consumption of hot tea, less than 6 hours of sleep per night, psychiatric disorders, usage of NSAIDs, and poor oral hygiene, were associated with a higher prevalence of GERD. Conversely, higher education levels and average physical activity were found to be less commonly associated with GERD. Conclusion We found a relatively high prevalence of GERD (21.86%) in this population-based study in Iran. By identifying modifiable risk factors, this research offers opportunities for targeted interventions and lifestyle modifications to reduce the burden of GERD. © 2024 Sadeghi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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