X-Ray-Based Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Methods Publisher



Jokar S^{1, 2} ; Khazaei S³ ; Behnammanesh H^{4, 5} ; Laranjo M^{2, 6, 7} ; Beiki D⁸ ; Botelho MF^{2, 6, 7}
Source: Electromagnetic Waves-Based Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy: Principles and Applications of Nanomaterials Published:2023

Abstract

X-rays are one of the most widely used electromagnetic waves in modern medicine. Iodinated-based contrast agents are commonly used in X-ray imaging techniques. Despite the rich information provided by contrast agent–based X-ray imaging, these agents are not optimal because of serious challenges such as short blood circulation, fast clearance, nonspecific biodistribution, and renal toxicity. Hence, nontoxic contrast agents with long-lasting circulation time are still a research gap that is being widely investigated. Nanotechnology has gained attention as a means to surpass the limitations of conventional contrast agents. Nanostructures, with accurate design and good properties control, can become interesting imaging contrast agents. Additionally, nanoparticle research and development also have resulted in novel radiosensitizers and radioprotective agents for radiotherapy. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the basics of X-rays and the types of X-ray-based imaging modalities and radiotherapy. Subsequently, we highlight the most recent advances and future perspectives in the application of nanotechnology in X-ray-based imaging methods and radiotherapy. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.