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Expression and Prognostic Significance of Cancer/Testis Antigens, Mage-E1, Gage, and Sox-6, in Glioblastoma: An Immunohistochemistry Evaluation Publisher



Yazdi SAT1 ; Safaei M2 ; Gholamin M3 ; Abdollahi A4 ; Nili F2 ; Nooghabi MJ5 ; Anvari K6 ; Mojarrad M7
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Pathology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Statistics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
  6. 6. Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Medical Genetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Source: Iranian Journal of Pathology Published:2021


Abstract

Background & Objective: Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignancy of the brain, the prognosis of which is poor. Immunotherapy with cancer/testis (CT) antigens is a novel therapeutic approach for glioblastoma. This study aimed to investigate the expression rate of MAGE-E1, GAGE, and SOX-6 in glioblastoma tumors using the method of immunohistochemistry (IHC). Methods: Expression of MAGE-E1, GAGE, and SOX-6 were determined by IHC in 50 paraffin blocks of glioblastoma. The results were compared between variables including age, gender, tumor location, and Karnofsky performance status (Kps) score. Survival analysis was also performed. Results: The expression levels of SOX-6, MAGE-E1, and GAGE were 82%, 78%, and 76%, respectively. The relationship between CT antigens and age, gender, and tumor location was not significant, while the association between MAGE-E1 expression and age was statistically significant (P=0.002). High expression levels of SOX-6 and MAGE-E1 were associated with low Kps scores (P=0.034 and P<0.001, respectively). Survival analysis showed that age >40 and Kps score <80 were associated with significant relationship with shorter survival rate. (P=0.005 and P=0.018, respectively). Expression of MAGE-E1 and GAGE was negatively associated with overall 2-year survival rate (P=0.001 and P=0.021, respectively). Conclusion: The expression of all the three CT antigens, especially MAGE-E1 and SOX-6, was high in patients with glioblastoma. It can be concluded that these markers could be ideal targets for immunotherapy in such patients. MAGE-E1 and SOX-6 can be considered as important markers in determining the prognosis of glioblastoma. © 2021, Iranian Society of Pathology. All rights reserved.
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