Targeting Breast Cancer: The Promise of Phage-Based Nanomedicines Publisher Pubmed



Gholami S¹ ; Saffarfar H² ; Mehraban MR³ ; Ardabili NS⁴ ; Elhami A⁵ ; Ebrahimi S⁶ ; Alikhiavi P⁶ ; Kheradmand R⁶ ; Fattahpour SF⁶ ; Mobed A⁷ Show Affiliations
Source: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Published:2025

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, characterized by its aggressive nature, propensity for metastasis, and resistance to standard treatment modalities. Traditional therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, often encounter significant limitations such as systemic toxicity and lack of specificity. Objective: This review aims to evaluate the recent advancements in phage-based nanomedicines as a novel approach for targeted breast cancer therapy, focusing on their mechanisms of action, therapeutic benefits, and the challenges faced in clinical implementation. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing studies that investigate the application of bacteriophages in cancer therapy, particularly in breast cancer. The review highlights the integration of nanotechnology with phage therapy, examining the potential for enhanced targeting and reduced side effects. Results: Phage-based nanomedicines have shown promise in selectively targeting breast cancer cells while sparing healthy tissues, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles. The unique properties of bacteriophages, including their ability to be engineered for specific targeting and their natural ability to induce immune responses, present significant advantages over conventional treatments. Conclusion: The integration of phage therapy with nanotechnology represents a promising frontier in the fight against breast cancer. This review underscores the need for continued research to address existing challenges and to explore the full potential of phage-based nanomedicines in improving patient outcomes in breast cancer treatment. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.