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The Potential Use of Bacteria and Their Derivatives As Delivery Systems for Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Cancer Publisher



Ahmadishoar S1 ; Mones Saeed S2 ; Salih Mahdi M3 ; Mohammed Taher W4 ; Alwan M5 ; Jasem Jawad M6 ; Khdyair Hamad A7 ; Gandomkar H8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Microbiology, Male.C., Islamic Azad University, Malekan, Iran
  2. 2. Dental Prosthetics Techniques Department, Health and Medical Techniques College/AlNoor University, Mosul, Iraq
  3. 3. College of MLT, Ahl Al Bayt University, Karbala, Iraq
  4. 4. College of Nursing, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
  5. 5. Pharmacy College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
  6. 6. Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
  7. 7. Gilgamesh Ahliya University, Baghdad, Iraq
  8. 8. Department of Surgical Oncology, Tehran University of Medical Medicine, Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of Drug Targeting Published:2025


Abstract

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Nanomaterials, unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties at the nanoscale (1–100 nm), have been engineered to improve drug capacity, bioavailability, and specificity in cancer treatment. These advancements address toxicity and lack of selectivity in conventional therapies, enabling precise targeting of cancer cells, the tumour microenvironment, and the immune system. Among emerging approaches, bacterial treatment shows promise due to its natural ability to target cancer and its diverse therapeutic mechanisms, which nanotechnology can further enhance. Bacteria-based drug delivery systems leverage bacteria’s adaptability and survival strategies within the human body. Bacterial derivatives, such as bacterial ghosts (BGs), bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), and dietary toxins, are recognised as effective biological nanomaterials capable of carrying nanoparticles (NPs). These systems have attracted increasing attention for their potential in targeted NP delivery for cancer treatment. This study explores the use of various bacteria and their byproducts as NP delivery vehicles, highlighting their potential in treating different types of cancer. By combining the strengths of nanotechnology and bacterial therapy, these innovative approaches aim to revolutionise cancer treatment with improved precision and efficacy. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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