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Load Characteristics, in Vitro Bioaccessibility and Health Risk Assessment of Pm2.5–Bounded Heavy Metals in Indoor Air of Waterpipe And/ or Cigarette Cafes Compared to Smoking-Free Cafes Publisher



Masjedi MR1 ; Taghizadeh F2 ; Hamzehali S3 ; Ghaffari S3 ; Ahmadi E4, 5 ; Dobaradaran S6, 7 ; Ramavandi B6, 7 ; Tahergorabi M8 ; Arfaeinia H6, 7
Authors

Source: Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability Published:2020


Abstract

Samples of PM2.5 particulates were collected from indoor air of 36 cafes, 14 cafes in which only water pipe (WS) was used, eight in which only cigarette was smoked (CC), six in which both waterpipe and cigarette were smoked (WCC), and eight cafes in which no smoking occurred (SFC) in Tehran. After that, the concentration of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel(Ni), and chromium (Cr) was examined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) (GF 5000, Australia). The results indicated that the ƩMetal concentration (Mean ±SD) in WCC, WC, CC, and SFC cafes were 1118.5±50.42, 663.64±40.79, 425.57±17.55, and 79.02±5.13 ng/m3, respectively. The mean bioaccessibility of Pb, Cr, Ni, and Cd was obtained as 39.7, 31.4, 7.35, and 74.6%, respectively. The results of risk assessment indicated that exposure to heavy metals in the indoor air of smoking cafes of Tehran is considered high. © 2020, © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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